Yin Lizi, Hussain Sajjad, Tang Ting, Gou Yuhong, He Changliang, Liang Xiaoxia, Yin Zhongqiong, Shu Gang, Zou Yuanfeng, Fu Hualin, Song Xu, Tang Huaqiao, Xu Funeng, Ouyang Ping
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agriculture University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang 611130, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Jul 5;2022:2459212. doi: 10.1155/2022/2459212. eCollection 2022.
The development of novel therapeutics to treat multidrug-resistant pathogenic infections like is the need of the hour. infection causes typhoid fever, jaundice, and hepatitis resulting in severe liver injury. Natural compounds have been proved beneficial for the treatment of these bacterial infections. The beneficial roles of cinnamaldehyde due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties have been determined by many researchers. However, alleviation of liver damage caused by infection to young chicks by cinnamaldehyde remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study was performed to identify the effects of cinnamaldehyde on ameliorating liver damage in young chicks. Young chicks were intraperitoneally infected with and treated with cinnamaldehyde orally. Liver and serum parameters were investigated by qRT-PCR, ELISA kits, biochemistry kits, flow cytometry, JC-1 dye experiment, and transcriptome analysis. We found that ROS, cytochrome c, mitochondrial membrane potential (m), caspase-3 activity, ATP production, hepatic CFU, ALT, and AST, which were initially increased by infection, significantly ( < 0.05) decreased by cinnamaldehyde treatment at 1, 3, and 5 days postinfection (DPI). In addition, infection significantly increased proinflammatory gene expression (, , , , , and ) and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (, , and ); however, cinnamaldehyde reverted these effects at 1, 3, and 5 DPI. Transcriptome analysis showed that modulates certain genes of the AMPK-mTOR pathway for its survival and replication, and these pathway modulations were reversed by cinnamaldehyde treatment. We concluded that cinnamaldehyde ameliorates inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing NF-K/caspase-3 pathway and reverts the metabolic changes caused by infection via modulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties against challenged young chicks and can be a candidate novel drug to treat salmonellosis in poultry production.
开发新型疗法来治疗诸如多重耐药性病原菌感染是当务之急。[病原菌名称]感染会引发伤寒热、黄疸和[肝炎类型]肝炎，导致严重肝损伤。天然化合物已被证明对治疗这些细菌感染有益。许多研究人员已确定肉桂醛因其抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性而具有有益作用。然而，肉桂醛对减轻[病原菌名称]感染引起的幼雏肝损伤的作用在很大程度上仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在确定肉桂醛对改善幼雏肝损伤的影响。将幼雏腹腔感染[病原菌名称]并口服肉桂醛进行治疗。通过qRT-PCR、ELISA试剂盒、生化试剂盒、流式细胞术、JC-1染料实验和转录组分析来研究肝脏和血清参数。我们发现，最初因[病原菌名称]感染而升高的活性氧（ROS）、细胞色素c、线粒体膜电位（m）、半胱天冬酶-3活性、ATP生成、肝脏菌落形成单位（CFU）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST），在感染后第1、3和5天经肉桂醛治疗后显著（P<0.05）降低。此外，[病原菌名称]感染显著增加促炎基因表达（[基因名称列举]）并降低抗炎基因表达（[基因名称列举]）；然而，肉桂醛在感染后第1、3和5天逆转了这些影响。转录组分析表明，[病原菌名称]为其生存和复制调节AMPK-mTOR途径的某些基因，而这些途径调节通过肉桂醛治疗得以逆转。我们得出结论，肉桂醛通过抑制NF-K/半胱天冬酶-3途径减轻炎症和细胞凋亡，并通过调节AMPK-mTOR途径逆转由[病原菌名称]感染引起的代谢变化。此外，肉桂醛对受攻击的幼雏具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和抗细胞凋亡特性，可成为家禽生产中治疗沙门氏菌病的新型候选药物。
