Lithopoulos Alexander, Zhang Chun-Qing, Williams David M, Rhodes Ryan E
Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Ann Behav Med. 2023 Feb 4;57(2):175-184. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaac033.
Research indicates that perceived behavioral control (PBC) is an important determinant of behavior and that it is composed of perceived capability and opportunity. However, typical measurement of these constructs may be confounded with motivation and outcome expectations. Vignettes presented before questionnaire items may clarify construct meaning leading to precise measurement.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate measures of perceived capability and opportunity that parse these constructs from the influence of motivation and outcome expectations using vignettes.
Study 1 collected feedback from experts (N = 9) about the initial measure. Study 2a explored internal consistency reliability and construct and discriminant validity of the revised measure using two independent samples (N = 683 and N = 727). Finally, using a prospective design, Study 2b (N = 1,410) investigated test-retest reliability, construct and discriminant validity at Time 2, and nomological validity.
After Study 1, the revised measure was tested in Studies 2a and 2b. Overall, the evidence suggests that the measure is optimal with four items for perceived capability and three for the perceived opportunity. The measure demonstrated strong internal consistency ( > 0.90) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] > .78). The measure also showed construct and discriminant validity by differentiating itself from behavioral intentions (i.e., motivation) and affective attitude (based on expected outcomes) (SRMR = 0.03; RMSEA = 0.06). It also demonstrated evidence of nomological validity as behavior 2 weeks later was predicted.
We recommend researchers use this tool in future correlational and intervention studies to parse motivation and outcome expectations from perceived capability and opportunity measurement.
研究表明，感知行为控制（PBC）是行为的重要决定因素，它由感知能力和机会组成。然而，这些构念的典型测量可能会与动机和结果期望相混淆。在问卷项目之前呈现的 vignettes（情景描述）可能会澄清构念的含义，从而实现精确测量。
本研究的目的是开发并验证感知能力和机会的测量方法，该方法使用 vignettes 将这些构念与动机和结果期望的影响区分开来。
研究 1 收集了专家（N = 9）对初始测量方法的反馈。研究 2a 使用两个独立样本（N = 683 和 N = 727）探索了修订后测量方法的内部一致性信度、构念效度和区分效度。最后，采用前瞻性设计，研究 2b（N = 1410）调查了重测信度、第二次测量时的构念效度和区分效度以及效标效度。
在研究 1 之后，修订后的测量方法在研究 2a 和 2b 中进行了测试。总体而言，证据表明该测量方法对于感知能力采用四个项目、对于感知机会采用三个项目是最优的。该测量方法显示出很强的内部一致性（> 0.90）和重测信度（组内相关系数[ICC] > 0.78）。该测量方法还通过将自身与行为意图（即动机）和情感态度（基于预期结果）区分开来，显示出构念效度和区分效度（SRMR = 0.03；RMSEA = 0.06）。它还通过预测两周后的行为证明了效标效度。
我们建议研究人员在未来的相关性研究和干预研究中使用此工具，以将动机和结果期望与感知能力和机会测量区分开来。
