Turnwald Bradley P, Horii Rina I, Markus Hazel R, Crum Alia J
Department of Psychology.
Health Psychol. 2022 Dec;41(12):928-937. doi: 10.1037/hea0001215. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Healthy eating is shaped by the context. To understand how healthy eating is modeled in popular media, this systematic analysis quantified which contextual factors, character behaviors, and character demographics were associated with food healthiness in popular movies.
Two researchers content-coded the contextual factors, character behaviors, and character demographics depicted across 9,093 foods in 244 top-grossing Hollywood movies released from 1994-2018. Food healthiness was calculated using the Nutrient Profile Index (0 = 100 = ) and coder reliability was assessed. Mixed effects regression models tested whether food healthiness was associated with contextual factors (e.g., geographic locations, social consumption situations, celebrations, foreground placement), character behaviors (actual consumption, food evaluations), and character demographics.
Confirming six preregistered hypotheses (all < .001), foods were less healthy when they were in American versus non-American settings (95% CI: Cohen's = .29-.39), part of social consumption situations ( = .19-.28) and celebrations ( = .04-.17), and in the foreground versus background ( = .15-.24). The foods that characters actually consumed ( = .30-.42) and evaluated positively (vs. negatively, = .37-.76) were also less healthy. However, disconfirming a gender hypothesis, female characters did not consume healthier foods than males ( = -.11-.13, = .45).
Top-grossing Hollywood movies depict different contexts and different character behaviors for healthier versus less healthy foods. Research is needed to understand whether depicting healthy foods in different contexts impacts viewers' beliefs and behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
健康饮食受环境影响。为了解大众媒体如何塑造健康饮食观念，本系统分析量化了热门电影中哪些环境因素、角色行为和角色人口统计学特征与食物健康程度相关。
两名研究人员对1994年至2018年上映的244部票房最高的好莱坞电影中出现的9093种食物所描绘的环境因素、角色行为和角色人口统计学特征进行了内容编码。使用营养成分指数计算食物健康程度（0 = 100 = ），并评估编码者信度。混合效应回归模型检验了食物健康程度是否与环境因素（如地理位置、社交消费场景、庆祝活动、前景位置）、角色行为（实际消费、食物评价）和角色人口统计学特征相关。
证实了六个预先登记的假设（所有 <.001），当食物出现在美国场景而非非美国场景时（95%置信区间：科恩's =.29 -.39）、属于社交消费场景的一部分时（ =.19 -.28）和庆祝活动时（ =.04 -.17），以及处于前景而非背景时（ =.15 -.24），食物的健康程度较低。角色实际食用的食物（ =.30 -.42）以及评价为正面（而非负面， =.37 -.76）的食物健康程度也较低。然而，与性别假设不符的是，女性角色食用的食物并不比男性更健康（ = -.11 -.13， =.45）。
票房最高的好莱坞电影描绘出了健康食物和不健康食物的不同环境及不同角色行为。需要开展研究以了解在不同环境中描绘健康食物是否会影响观众的观念和行为。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2022美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
