State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
National Oat Improvement Center, Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baicheng, China.
Nat Genet. 2022 Aug;54(8):1248-1258. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01127-7. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Common oat (Avena sativa) is an important cereal crop serving as a valuable source of forage and human food. Although reference genomes of many important crops have been generated, such work in oat has lagged behind, primarily owing to its large, repeat-rich polyploid genome. Here, using Oxford Nanopore ultralong sequencing and Hi-C technologies, we have generated a reference-quality genome assembly of hulless common oat, comprising 21 pseudomolecules with a total length of 10.76 Gb and contig N50 of 75.27 Mb. We also produced genome assemblies for diploid and tetraploid Avena ancestors, which enabled the identification of oat subgenomes and provided insights into oat chromosomal evolution. The origin of hexaploid oat is inferred from whole-genome sequencing, chloroplast genomes and transcriptome assemblies of different Avena species. These findings and the high-quality reference genomes presented here will facilitate the full use of crop genetic resources to accelerate oat improvement.
普通燕麦（Avena sativa）是一种重要的谷类作物，既是有价值的饲料来源，也是人类的食物来源。尽管许多重要作物的参考基因组已经生成，但燕麦的相关工作却落后了，主要是因为其基因组庞大且富含重复序列。在此，我们利用牛津纳米孔超长测序和 Hi-C 技术，生成了无壳普通燕麦的参考质量基因组组装，包含 21 个假染色体，总长度为 107.6 亿碱基对，且 contig N50 为 75.27 兆碱基对。我们还为二倍体和四倍体燕麦祖先生成了基因组组装，这使得燕麦亚基因组的鉴定成为可能，并为燕麦染色体进化提供了线索。通过对不同燕麦物种的全基因组测序、叶绿体基因组和转录组组装，推断出了六倍体燕麦的起源。本研究的发现和提供的高质量参考基因组将有助于充分利用作物遗传资源，加速燕麦改良。
