Zhao Zhenning, Shi Tao
State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Genes (Basel). 2025 May 27;16(6):636. doi: 10.3390/genes16060636.
Polyploidization has been one of the key drivers of plant evolution, profoundly influencing plant adaptation in nature and crop traits in agriculture. Deciphering polyploid genomes is a crucial step for understanding evolutionary history and advancing agricultural applications. However, the inherent complexity of polyploid genomes has long hindered accurate assembly and annotation. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and improved assembly algorithms have significantly enhanced the resolution of complex polyploid genomes. These innovations have led to the successful assembly and public release of an increasing number of high-quality polyploid plant genomes. This review summarizes the mechanisms of polyploid formation and their evolutionary relevance, with a focus on recent technological progress in sequencing and genome assembly. On this basis, we further discuss the current key challenges of polyploid genome assembly and the ways to address them.
多倍体化一直是植物进化的关键驱动力之一，深刻影响着植物在自然环境中的适应性以及农业作物的性状。解析多倍体基因组是理解进化历史和推动农业应用的关键一步。然而，多倍体基因组固有的复杂性长期以来阻碍了精确的组装和注释。测序技术的最新进展和改进的组装算法显著提高了复杂多倍体基因组的解析度。这些创新成果已促成越来越多高质量多倍体植物基因组的成功组装和公开发布。本综述总结了多倍体形成的机制及其进化意义，重点关注测序和基因组组装方面的最新技术进展。在此基础上，我们进一步讨论了当前多倍体基因组组装面临的关键挑战以及应对这些挑战的方法。
