Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Advanced Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Av. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Aug 3;14(30):34955-34962. doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c07113. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
Pesticides are agrochemical compounds used to kill pests (insects, rodents, fungi, or unwanted plants), which are key to meet the world food demand. Regrettably, some important issues associated with their widespread/extensive use (contamination, bioaccumulation, and development of pest resistances) demand a reduction in the amount of pesticide applied in crop protection. Among the novel technologies used to combat the deterioration of our environment, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as innovative and promising materials in agroindustry since they possess several features (high porosity, functionalizable cavities, ecofriendly composition, ) that make them excellent candidates for the controlled release of pesticides. Moving toward a sustainable development, in this work, we originally describe the use of pesticides as building blocks for the MOF construction, leading to a new type of agricultural applied MOFs (or AgroMOFs). Particularly, we have prepared a novel 2D-MOF (namely, GR-MOF-7) based on the herbicide glufosinate and the widely used antibacterial and fungicide Cu. GR-MOF-7 crystallizes attaining a monoclinic 2/ space group, and the asymmetric unit is composed of one independent Cu ion and one molecule of the Glu ligand. Considering the significant antibacterial activity of Cu-based compounds in agriculture, the potential combined bactericidal and herbicidal effect of GR-MOF-7 was investigated. GR-MOF-7 shows an important antibacterial activity against and (involved in agricultural animal infections), improving the results obtained with its individual or even physical mixed precursors [glufosinate and Cu(NO)]. It is also an effective pesticide against germination and plant growth of the weed , an invasive species in berries and vines crops, demonstrating that the construction of MOFs based on herbicide and antibacterial/antifungal units is a promising strategy to achieve multifunctional agrochemicals. To the best of our knowledge, this first report on the synthesis of an MOF based on agrochemicals (what we have named AgroMOF) opens new ways on the safe and efficient MOF application in agriculture.
农药是用于杀死害虫（昆虫、啮齿动物、真菌或不需要的植物）的农用化学品化合物，这对满足世界粮食需求至关重要。遗憾的是，其广泛使用带来了一些重要问题（污染、生物积累和害虫抗药性的发展），需要减少作物保护中使用的农药量。在用于对抗环境恶化的新技术中，金属有机骨架（MOFs）作为农用工业中的创新和有前途的材料脱颖而出，因为它们具有高孔隙率、可功能化的腔、环保组成等特性，使它们成为农药控制释放的优秀候选材料。为了实现可持续发展，在这项工作中，我们最初将农药用作 MOF 构建的构建块，从而得到了一种新型农业应用 MOF（或 AgroMOF）。特别是，我们基于除草剂草甘膦和广泛使用的抗菌剂和杀菌剂 Cu 制备了一种新型二维 MOF（即 GR-MOF-7）。GR-MOF-7 结晶获得单斜 2/空间群，不对称单元由一个独立的 Cu 离子和一个 Glu 配体分子组成。考虑到 Cu 基化合物在农业中的显著抗菌活性，研究了 GR-MOF-7 的潜在杀菌和除草协同作用。GR-MOF-7 对 和 （参与农业动物感染）具有重要的抗菌活性，提高了其单独或甚至物理混合前体 [草甘膦和 Cu(NO)] 的结果。它也是一种有效的除草剂，可抑制杂草 的发芽和生长，杂草是浆果和葡萄藤作物中的入侵物种，这表明基于除草剂和抗菌/抗真菌单元构建 MOF 是实现多功能农用化学品的有前途的策略。据我们所知，这是第一篇关于基于农用化学品合成 MOF 的报告（我们称之为 AgroMOF），为安全高效地将 MOF 应用于农业开辟了新途径。
