Galal-Khallaf Asmaa, Al-Awthan Yahya S, Al-Duais Mohammed A, Mohammed-Geba Khaled
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen.
Bioorg Chem. 2022 Oct;127:106023. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106023. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Diseases emerging from oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalance are deeply threatening the modern world. Fisheries by-products are rich in bioactive metabolites. However, they are usually discarded, posing a real environmental burden. Herein we aimed to explore the bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the shell of the freshwater Nile crab Potamonautes niloticus. Methanolic extract of crab shell was subjected to GC/MS and HPLC analyses of total lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Also, zebrafish Danio rerio was subjected to inflammatory status using CuSO, then treated with different doses of shell extract. Total antioxidant capacity and QPCR analyses for gene expression of different antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase(sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb), interleukin 1-Beta (il-1b) were assessed. The results showed the richness of crab shell extract with ω - 9 (32.78 %), ω - 7 (6.37 %), and ω - 6 (4 %) unsaturated fatty acids. Diverse phenolic acids and flavonoids were found, dominaed by Benzoic acid (11.24 µg mL), Syringic acid (11.4 µg mL), Ferulic acid (10.55 µg mL), Kampferol (9.47 µg mL), Quercetin (6.33 µg mL), and Naringin (4.16 µg mL). Crab extract also increased the total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress enzymeś mRNA levels by 1.3-2.15 folds. It down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokineś mRNA levels by 1.3-2 folds in comparison to positive control (CuSO-induced) zebrafishes. The net results indicated that Nile crab shell extract is a rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. Therefore, we recommend to continuously explore the bioactive capabilities of exoskeletons of different shellfish species. This can provide additive values for these products and reduce the environmental burden of their irresponsible discarding.
由氧化应激和炎症失衡引发的疾病正严重威胁着现代社会。渔业副产品富含生物活性代谢物。然而，它们通常被丢弃，给环境带来了实实在在的负担。在此，我们旨在探索淡水尼罗河蟹（Potamonautes niloticus）外壳的生物活性化合物、抗氧化和抗炎能力。对蟹壳的甲醇提取物进行了总脂质、黄酮类化合物和酚酸的气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析。此外，使用硫酸铜使斑马鱼（Danio rerio）处于炎症状态，然后用不同剂量的蟹壳提取物进行处理。评估了总抗氧化能力以及不同抗氧化酶（即超氧化物歧化酶（sod）、过氧化氢酶（cat）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（gpx））和促炎细胞因子（即肿瘤坏死因子α（tnf-α）、核因子κB（nf-κb）、白细胞介素1-β（il-1b））基因表达的定量聚合酶链反应（QPCR）分析。结果表明，蟹壳提取物富含ω-9（32.78%）、ω-7（6.37%）和ω-6（4%）不饱和脂肪酸。发现了多种酚酸和黄酮类化合物，其中苯甲酸（11.24μg/mL）、丁香酸（11.4μg/mL）、阿魏酸（10.55μg/mL）、山奈酚（9.47μg/mL）、槲皮素（6.33μg/mL）和柚皮苷（4.16μg/mL）占主导。蟹壳提取物还使总抗氧化能力和氧化应激酶的mRNA水平提高了1.3至2.15倍。与阳性对照（硫酸铜诱导）斑马鱼相比，它使促炎细胞因子的mRNA水平下调了1.3至2倍。最终结果表明，尼罗河蟹壳提取物是抗氧化和抗炎化合物的丰富来源。因此，我们建议持续探索不同贝类物种外骨骼的生物活性能力。这可以为这些产品提供附加值，并减少其随意丢弃所带来的环境负担。
