抑郁症状与香烟、电子烟、大麻和酒精使用之间的双向关联：在 COVID-19 之前和期间对年轻人进行的交叉滞后面板分析。
Bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and cigarette, e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use: Cross-lagged panel analyses among young adults before and during COVID-19.
机构信息
Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University.
出版信息
Addict Behav. 2022 Nov;134:107422. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107422. Epub 2022 Jul 7.
BACKGROUND
The literature regarding bidirectional relationships of depressive symptoms to cigarette and alcohol use is mixed, and limited regarding e-cigarette and cannabis use. Moreover, COVID-19 has significantly impacted mental health and substance use, especially among young adults. Thus, this is a critical period for focused research on these relationships among young adults.
METHODS
We analyzed longitudinal data (assessments in Fall 2018, 2019, and 2020) from 3,006 young adults (M = 24.56 [SD = 4.72], 54.8% female, 31.6% sexual minority, 71.6% White, 5.3% Black, 12.2% Asian, 11.4% Hispanic) from 6 US metropolitan statistical areas. Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and past 30-day use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol (respectively), controlling for sociodemographics.
RESULTS
During the study period, depressive symptoms decreased before the pandemic but increased during, cigarette and e-cigarette use decreased in both periods, alcohol use showed no change before but increases during the pandemic, and cannabis use increased in both periods. Additionally, each outcome demonstrated greater stability before versus during COVID-19. Finally, greater antecedent depressive symptoms correlated with more days of subsequent cigarette (β = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p =.011) and e-cigarette use (β = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p =.021), but fewer days of alcohol use (β = -0.02, SE = 0.01, p =.035). W2 cannabis use and alcohol use, respectively, were related to W3 depressive symptoms (cannabis: β = 0.09, SE = 0.02, p <.001; alcohol: β = 0.06, SE = 0.02, p =.002). No other cross-lagged associations were significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Intervention efforts targeting depression and substance use should explicitly address the potential for onset and escalation of substance use and depressive symptoms, respectively, especially during societal stressors.
背景
关于抑郁症状与吸烟和饮酒之间双向关系的文献存在差异，且关于电子烟和大麻使用的文献有限。此外，COVID-19 对心理健康和物质使用产生了重大影响，尤其是在年轻人中。因此，这是一个针对年轻人研究这些关系的关键时期。
方法
我们分析了来自美国 6 个大都市区的 3006 名年轻人（M=24.56[SD=4.72]，54.8%女性，31.6%性少数群体，71.6%白人，5.3%黑人，12.2%亚裔，11.4%西班牙裔）在 2018 年秋季、2019 年秋季和 2020 年秋季的纵向数据（评估）。控制社会人口统计学因素后，采用交叉滞后面板模型检验抑郁症状与过去 30 天吸烟、电子烟、大麻和饮酒（分别）之间的双向关联。
结果
在研究期间，抑郁症状在大流行前下降，但在大流行期间增加，吸烟和电子烟使用在两个时期都减少，酒精使用在大流行前没有变化，但在大流行期间增加，大麻使用在两个时期都增加。此外，每个结果在 COVID-19 之前都表现出更大的稳定性。最后，先前更大的抑郁症状与随后吸烟（β=0.03，SE=0.01，p=.011）和电子烟使用天数（β=0.03，SE=0.01，p=.021）相关，但与酒精使用天数（β=-0.02，SE=0.01，p=.035）相关。W2 大麻使用和酒精使用分别与 W3 抑郁症状相关（大麻：β=0.09，SE=0.02，p<.001；酒精：β=0.06，SE=0.02，p=.002）。没有其他交叉滞后关联具有统计学意义。
结论
针对抑郁和物质使用的干预措施应明确针对物质使用和抑郁症状的发病和升级，尤其是在社会压力下。
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