Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary; Department of Sport Biology, Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Hungary; Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; Hungarian University of Sports Science, Department of Kinesiology, Budapest, Hungary.
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Sep;80:101698. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
To determine the effects of low- vs. high-intensity aerobic and resistance training on motor and cognitive function, brain activation, brain structure, and neurochemical markers of neuroplasticity and the association thereof in healthy young and older adults and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
Systematic review and robust variance estimation meta-analysis with meta-regression.
Systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases.
Fifty studies with 60 intervention arms and 2283 in-analyses participants were included. Due to the low number of studies, the three patient groups were combined and analyzed as a single group. Overall, low- (g=0.19, p = 0.024) and high-intensity exercise (g=0.40, p = 0.001) improved neuroplasticity. Exercise intensity scaled with neuroplasticity only in healthy young adults but not in healthy older adults or patient groups. Exercise-induced improvements in neuroplasticity were associated with changes in motor but not cognitive outcomes.
Exercise intensity is an important variable to dose and individualize the exercise stimulus for healthy young individuals but not necessarily for healthy older adults and neurological patients. This conclusion warrants caution because studies are needed that directly compare the effects of low- vs. high-intensity exercise on neuroplasticity to determine if such changes are mechanistically and incrementally linked to improved cognition and motor function.
确定低强度与高强度有氧和抗阻训练对健康年轻和老年个体以及多发性硬化症、帕金森病和中风患者的运动和认知功能、大脑激活、大脑结构以及神经可塑性的神经化学标志物的影响及其相关性。
系统评价和稳健方差估计荟萃分析，以及荟萃回归。
对 MEDLINE、Web of Science 和 CINAHL 数据库进行系统检索。
共纳入 50 项研究的 60 个干预组和 2283 个分析参与者。由于研究数量较少，将这三组患者合并为一个单一的组进行分析。总体而言，低强度（g=0.19，p=0.024）和高强度运动（g=0.40，p=0.001）均可改善神经可塑性。仅在健康年轻成年人中，运动强度与神经可塑性呈正相关，而在健康老年成年人或患者群体中则不相关。运动引起的神经可塑性的改善与运动结果的变化相关，而与认知结果的变化无关。
运动强度是为健康年轻个体设定和个体化运动刺激剂量的一个重要变量，但对健康老年成年人和神经疾病患者则不一定如此。这一结论需要谨慎，因为需要开展直接比较低强度与高强度运动对神经可塑性影响的研究，以确定这些变化是否与认知和运动功能的改善在机制上和递增上相关。
