Ashari Reza Setyono, Sabirin Rahmaningsih Mara, Pratiwi Dilia Ananda, Tsania Melati Nilna, Merlinda Stevani Tia Bella, Wibowo Rakhmat Ari
Biomedical Science Postgraduate Programme, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 2;15(9):e102211. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-102211.
Despite the abundant evidence showing the benefits of muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE), no epidemiological tool is available for assessing MSE among Indonesian university students. This study is the first to adapt the Muscle-Strengthening Exercise Questionnaire (MSEQ) from its original English version into another language, specifically Indonesian, incorporating cultural adaptations and to pilot test it to assess its validity and reliability among university students in Indonesia.
Translation and cultural adaptation, content validity studies, concurrent validity studies and reliability studies were conducted following COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement INstruments guidelines. Content validation, conducted with three experts and nine university students, informed the development of the MSEQ Indonesian version. The concurrent validity study compared the results of measuring MSE frequency, intensity, duration and volume with those of the 7-day diary and relative handgrip strength with 22 respondents for concurrent validity against subjective measurement and 70 respondents for concurrent validity against objective measurement. For the reliability study, 39 respondents were asked to fill the MSEQ Indonesian version twice with a time interval of 7 days.
The study involved 143 participants, including experts and university students from three universities across two different islands in Indonesia.
Single administration MSEQ, consecutive administration MSEQ and 7-day diary recording resulted in 0%, 33.8% and 68.5% dropout rate, respectively. Moderate-to-strong correlations were observed between the results for the weekly frequency, duration, intensity and volume of MSE and those of the 7-day diary and hand grip strength. Test-retest reliabilities were good to excellent for machine weight, holistic and overall MSE but poor for bodyweight MSE. In assessing the target muscle group, the MSEQ Indonesian version showed good test-retest reliability for machine-weight MSE but poor-to-very good test-retest reliability for bodyweight, free weight and holistic MSE.
Our study demonstrated the acceptable validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the MSEQ for assessing MSE among university students in Indonesia, not only by comparing each dimension of MSE with subjective measures but also by comparing MSE volume with objective measures. To enhance the generalisability of these findings, future studies should assess the MSEQ Indonesian version in diverse adult populations by considering dropout rates found by our study, ensuring its broader applicability and sample size adequacy.
尽管有大量证据表明肌肉强化运动（MSE）有益，但尚无流行病学工具可用于评估印度尼西亚大学生的MSE情况。本研究首次将肌肉强化运动问卷（MSEQ）从其原始英文版本翻译成另一种语言，即印度尼西亚语，并进行文化调适，然后进行预试验，以评估其在印度尼西亚大学生中的有效性和可靠性。
按照基于共识的健康状况测量工具选择标准指南进行翻译和文化调适、内容效度研究、同时效度研究和信度研究。通过与三位专家和九名大学生进行内容效度研究，为MSEQ印尼语版本的开发提供了依据。同时效度研究将测量MSE频率、强度、持续时间和量的结果与7天日记的结果进行比较，并将相对握力与22名受访者进行比较，以验证与主观测量的同时效度，与70名受访者进行比较，以验证与客观测量的同时效度。在信度研究中，39名受访者被要求在7天的时间间隔内两次填写MSEQ印尼语版本。
该研究涉及143名参与者，包括来自印度尼西亚两个不同岛屿的三所大学的专家和大学生。
单次填写MSEQ、连续填写MSEQ和7天日记记录的失访率分别为0%、33.8%和68.5%。在MSE的每周频率、持续时间、强度和量的结果与7天日记和握力的结果之间观察到中度至高度相关性。重测信度对于器械重量、整体和总体MSE来说良好至优秀，但对于体重MSE来说较差。在评估目标肌肉群时，MSEQ印尼语版本对于器械重量MSE显示出良好的重测信度，但对于体重、自由重量和整体MSE来说，重测信度从较差到非常好不等。
我们的研究表明，MSEQ印尼语版本在评估印度尼西亚大学生的MSE方面具有可接受的有效性和可靠性，这不仅通过将MSE的每个维度与主观测量进行比较，还通过将MSE量与客观测量进行比较得以证明。为了提高这些研究结果的普遍性，未来的研究应考虑我们研究中发现的失访率，在不同的成年人群中评估MSEQ印尼语版本，确保其更广泛的适用性和足够的样本量。
