School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
Acta Biomater. 2022 Sep 15;150:221-237. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.023. Epub 2022 Jul 16.
Periodontal regeneration is characterized by the attachment of oblique periodontal ligament fibres on the tooth root surface. To facilitate periodontal ligament attachment, a fibre-guiding tissue engineered biphasic construct was manufactured by melt electrowriting (MEW) for influencing reproducible cell guidance and tissue orientation. The biphasic scaffold contained fibre-guiding features in the periodontal ligament component comprising of 100 µm spaced channels (100CH), a pore size gradient in the bone component and maintained a highly porous and fully interconnected interface between the compartments. The efficacy of the fibre-guiding channels was assessed in an ectopic periodontal attachment model in immunocompromised rats. This demonstrated an unprecedented and systematic tissue alignment perpendicular to the dentin in the 100CH group, resulting in the close mimicry of native periodontal ligament architecture. In addition, the histology revealed high levels of tissue integration between the two compartments as observed by the perpendicular collagen attachment on the dentin surface, which also extended and infiltrated the scaffold's bone compartment. In conclusion, the 100 µm fibre-guiding scaffold induced a systematic tissue orientation at the dentin-ligament interface, resembling the native periodontium and thus resulting in enhanced alignment mimicking periodontal ligament regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting a large portion of the adult population and leading to the destruction of the tooth-supporting structures (alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and cementum). Current surgical treatments are unpredictable and generally result in repair rather than functional regeneration. A key feature of functional regeneration is the re-insertion of the oblique or perpendicularly orientated periodontal ligament fibre in both the alveolar bone and root surface. This study demonstrates that a highly porous scaffold featuring 100 µm width channels manufactured by the stacking of melt electrospun fibres, induced perpendicular alignment and attachment of the neo-ligament onto a dentine surface. The fibre guiding micro-architecture may pave the way for enhanced and more functional regeneration of the periodontium.
牙周组织再生的特征是牙周韧带纤维在牙根表面呈斜向附着。为了促进牙周韧带附着，采用熔融静电纺丝（MEW）制造纤维导向组织工程双相构建体，以影响可重复的细胞导向和组织定向。双相支架在牙周韧带组成部分包含纤维导向特征，由 100µm 间隔的通道（100CH）组成，在骨组成部分具有孔径梯度，并在隔间之间保持高度多孔且完全互连的界面。在免疫功能低下大鼠的异位牙周附着模型中评估纤维导向通道的功效。这在 100CH 组中表现出前所未有的和系统的组织与牙本质垂直排列，从而紧密模仿天然牙周韧带结构。此外，组织学显示两个隔间之间的组织整合水平很高，如在牙本质表面垂直附着的胶原观察到的，其还延伸并渗透到支架的骨隔间。总之，100µm 纤维导向支架在牙本质-韧带界面诱导系统的组织定向，类似于天然牙周组织，从而导致增强的定向模仿牙周韧带再生。 意义声明：牙周炎是一种常见的炎症性疾病，影响了很大一部分成年人，并导致牙齿支持结构（牙槽骨、牙周韧带和牙骨质）的破坏。当前的手术治疗是不可预测的，通常导致修复而不是功能再生。功能再生的一个关键特征是将斜向或垂直定向的牙周韧带纤维重新插入牙槽骨和牙根表面。这项研究表明，通过堆叠熔融电纺纤维制造的具有 100µm 宽度通道的高度多孔支架，诱导了新的韧带在牙本质表面的垂直排列和附着。纤维导向微结构可能为牙周组织的增强和更功能的再生铺平道路。
