Mas-Pons Rosa, Caturla-Bastit Mar, Bisbal-Sanz Josep, López-Nicolás Mireia, Barona-Vilar Carmen
Department of Health, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.
Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
Glob Health Promot. 2023 Mar;30(1):7-15. doi: 10.1177/17579759221107031. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
The aim of this work was to design some tools and a procedure for performing the Health Impact Assessment of municipal policies. A working group made up of municipal and public health specialists from the Valencian Community (Spain) was set up. After reviewing the tools used in other contexts, the Fem Salut? questionnaire for the simplified Health Impact Assessment of regional policies was adapted for use at the local level. A pilot study was carried out in six municipalities and local initiatives promoted by different sectors were analysed. Two workshops were held per municipality (with specialists and with citizens) and participatory techniques were used to identify the possible impacts on the social determinants of health, the population groups more particularly affected and the proposals for improvement. The feasibility of the methodology and the difficulties involved in carrying it out were discussed. A procedure was defined for the Health Impact Assessment of local initiatives in six steps: Describe (the municipality and the project), Extract (screening phase), Co-produce (participatory workshops), Integrate (the scientific evidence with the qualitative information obtained), Disseminate (to politicians, specialists and community) and Evaluate (direct and indirect results) (DECIDE). A guide was developed to facilitate its application at the local level along with two complementary tools (a questionnaire and worksheets). The technical group rated the process as simple and flexible, as well as being easy to adapt to the characteristics of the municipality and project. In addition to the cross-sectoral approach, the incorporation of citizen participation in the process is an important added value.
这项工作的目的是设计一些工具和程序，以对市政政策进行健康影响评估。为此成立了一个由来自西班牙巴伦西亚自治区的市政和公共卫生专家组成的工作组。在回顾了其他背景下使用的工具后，对用于区域政策简化健康影响评估的“女性健康？”问卷进行了调整，以便在地方层面使用。在六个城市开展了一项试点研究，并分析了不同部门推动的地方倡议。每个城市举办了两次研讨会（一次面向专家，一次面向市民），并采用参与式技术来确定对健康社会决定因素可能产生的影响、受影响尤为严重的人群以及改进建议。讨论了该方法的可行性及其实施过程中涉及的困难。确定了一个分六个步骤对地方倡议进行健康影响评估的程序：描述（城市和项目）、提取（筛选阶段）、共同产生（参与式研讨会）、整合（将科学证据与获得的定性信息相结合）、传播（向政治家、专家和社区）和评估（直接和间接结果）（DECIDE）。制定了一份指南，以促进其在地方层面的应用，并配套两个辅助工具（一份问卷和工作表）。技术小组认为该过程简单灵活，易于适应城市和项目的特点。除了跨部门方法外，让公民参与这一过程也是一项重要的附加价值。
