Borkens Yannick
College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811 Townsville, Queensland Australien.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 2022;170(9):828-838. doi: 10.1007/s00112-022-01554-0. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Even in the early 1990s, an immune response triggered by an mRNA vaccine was described for the first time. Since then, mRNA vaccines have been researched and discussed for possible prophylaxis; however, it was not until the COVID-19 pandemic that these vaccines experienced a real boom. The first mRNA vaccines were licensed against SARS-CoV‑2 and showed great success. It is therefore not surprising that manufacturers are also focusing on other diseases and pathogens. Besides viral diseases, such as influenza and AIDS, malaria is high on this list. Many pharmaceutical companies (including the German companies BioNTech and CureVac) have already confirmed that they are researching mRNA vaccines against malaria. Yet developing a working vaccine against malaria is no easy feat. Research on possible vaccines has been going on since the 1960s. The results have been rather sobering. It was not until 2015 that the vaccine RTS,S/AS01 received a positive evaluation from the European Medicines Agency. Since then, the vaccine has been tested in Africa.
即使在20世纪90年代初，mRNA疫苗引发的免疫反应首次被描述。从那时起，mRNA疫苗就被研究并讨论用于可能的预防；然而，直到新冠疫情，这些疫苗才真正迎来热潮。首批mRNA疫苗获得了针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的许可，并取得了巨大成功。因此，制造商也将重点放在其他疾病和病原体上也就不足为奇了。除了流感和艾滋病等病毒性疾病，疟疾也在这份清单的前列。许多制药公司（包括德国公司BioNTech和CureVac）已经证实，他们正在研究针对疟疾的mRNA疫苗。然而，研发一种有效的疟疾疫苗并非易事。自20世纪60年代以来，人们一直在研究可能的疫苗。结果相当令人沮丧。直到2015年，RTS,S/AS01疫苗才获得欧洲药品管理局的积极评估。从那时起，该疫苗就在非洲进行了测试。
