Holmqvist P, Regefalk C, Svenningsen N W
J Perinat Med. 1987;15(1):61-72. doi: 10.1515/jpme.1987.15.1.61.
A prospective follow-up study of 39 vaginally born low risk preterm (less than 37 weeks of gestation) and ten term control infants was carried out to estimate psychological and neurodevelopmental outcome at four years of age in relation to conceptual age and fetal acidosis at birth. The patients were divided into two groups: infants born after 29-33 weeks gestation (Group I) and those born after 34-36 weeks gestation (Group II), with or without fetal acidosis, i.e. a fetal scalp pH below or above 7.20. Acidotic infants normalized within the first hour after birth. Marked low and high performance groups for intellectual performance and hearing and vision tests were discernable within the first two years. The language performance of preterm infants was delayed compared to infants born at term, especially in Group II infants. At four years of age, a higher number of Group II infants had psychomotor developmental problems; whereas, neurological handicaps were more frequent in Group I infants with fetal acidosis. This indicates that re-evaluation of neurodevelopmental outcome is needed at a later age, e.g. six years of age, in preterm infants after low risk deliveries.
对39名经阴道分娩的低风险早产儿（妊娠小于37周）和10名足月儿进行了一项前瞻性随访研究，以评估4岁时与出生时概念年龄和胎儿酸中毒相关的心理和神经发育结局。患者被分为两组：妊娠29 - 33周后出生的婴儿（第一组）和妊娠34 - 36周后出生的婴儿（第二组），有或无胎儿酸中毒，即胎儿头皮pH值低于或高于7.20。酸中毒婴儿在出生后第一小时内恢复正常。在头两年内可辨别出智力表现、听力和视力测试的明显低表现组和高表现组。与足月儿相比，早产儿的语言表现延迟，尤其是第二组婴儿。在4岁时，第二组婴儿有更多的精神运动发育问题；而在有胎儿酸中毒的第一组婴儿中，神经障碍更为常见。这表明对于低风险分娩后的早产儿，需要在更晚的年龄（如6岁）重新评估神经发育结局。
