Crocker J, Thompson L L, McGraw K M, Ingerman C
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 May;52(5):907-16. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.5.907.
In two studies, we explored the effects of trait self-esteem and threats to the self-concept on evaluations of others. In Study 1, subjects high, moderate, and low in self-esteem received either success, failure, or no feedback on a test and later evaluated three pairs of targets: in-groups and out-groups based on a minimal intergroup manipulation, those who scored above average and those who scored below average on the test, and themselves and the average college student. Study 2 explored the effects of self-esteem and threat on in-group favoritism in a real-world setting, campus sororities. Together, the results of these studies indicate that individuals high in self-esteem, but not those low in self-esteem, respond to threats to the self-concept by derogating out-groups relative to the in-group when the group boundaries have evaluative implications.
在两项研究中，我们探究了特质自尊和自我概念威胁对他人评价的影响。在研究1中，自尊水平高、中、低的受试者在一项测试中分别得到成功、失败或无反馈，随后对三对目标进行评价：基于最小群体操纵的内群体和外群体、在测试中得分高于平均水平和低于平均水平的人，以及他们自己和普通大学生。研究2在现实世界背景下的校园姐妹会中探究了自尊和威胁对内群体偏袒的影响。总之，这些研究结果表明，当群体边界具有评价意义时，自尊水平高的个体而非自尊水平低的个体，会通过贬低外群体相对于内群体来应对自我概念威胁。
