Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Department of Archaeology and History, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Biol Lett. 2022 Jul;18(7):20220157. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0157. Epub 2022 Jul 13.
Humans are motivated to compete for access to valuable social partners, which is a function of their willingness to share and ability to generate resources. However, relative preferences for each trait should be responsive to socioecological conditions. Here, we test the flexibility of partner choice psychology among Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. Ninety-two Hadza ranked their campmates on generosity and foraging ability and then shared resources with those campmates. We found Hadza with greater exposure to other cultures shared more with campmates ranked higher on generosity, whereas Hadza with lower exposure showed a smaller preference for sharing with generous campmates. This moderating effect was specific to generosity-regardless of exposure, Hadza showed only a small preference for sharing with better foragers. We argue this difference in preferences is due to high exposure Hadza having more experience cooperating with others in the absence of strong norms of sharing, and thus are exposed to greater variance in willingness to cooperate among potential partners increasing the benefits of choosing partners based on generosity. As such, participants place a greater emphasis on choosing more generous partners, highlighting the flexibility of partner preferences.
人类有动力去竞争获取有价值的社交伴侣，这是他们愿意分享和产生资源的能力的一种表现。然而，对每种特质的相对偏好应该对社会生态条件做出响应。在这里，我们测试了坦桑尼亚哈扎狩猎采集者在伴侣选择心理学方面的灵活性。92 名哈扎人对他们的营地伙伴进行了慷慨程度和觅食能力的排名，然后与这些营地伙伴分享资源。我们发现，接触其他文化的哈扎人更多地与慷慨程度排名较高的营地伙伴分享资源，而接触较少的哈扎人则较少表现出与慷慨的营地伙伴分享的偏好。这种调节作用是专门针对慷慨程度的——无论接触程度如何，哈扎人都只表现出与更好的觅食者分享的微小偏好。我们认为这种偏好上的差异是由于高接触的哈扎人在没有强烈的分享规范的情况下有更多与他人合作的经验，因此在潜在伴侣的合作意愿方面存在更大的差异，从而增加了根据慷慨程度选择伴侣的好处。因此，参与者更加重视选择更慷慨的伴侣，突出了伴侣偏好的灵活性。
