Harvey L P, McAnena O J, Mehta B M, Daly J M
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987 Mar-Apr;11(2):119-23. doi: 10.1177/0148607187011002119.
The toxic effects of methotrexate administration [20 mg/kg, bolus intraperitoneally (ip)] to rats fed a regular chow diet (n = 10) was compared with results in animals fed an elemental, chemically defined, liquid diet (n = 10) for 7 days. All animals receiving an elemental diet became anorectic and lethargic within 60 hr of methotrexate injection. All animals in this group subsequently developed enteritis and died within 150 hr. There was no clinical evidence of enteritis in rats fed a regular chow diet and mortality as zero in this group (p less than 0.001). In a second study one group of rats (n = 9) was fed a regular chow diet for 7 days; four groups were fed an elemental, chemically defined, liquid diet (n = 9 per group) for 7 days. At 24 hr and 8 hr prior to, or 24 hr after methotrexate administration, one group was refed a regular chow diet; the fourth group was maintained on an elemental liquid diet throughout the study period. All rats fed a regular chow diet survived following methotrexate injection (20 mg/kg, ip). All rats fed an elemental diet throughout the study period died. Those rats refed a regular diet 24 or 8 hr prior to methotrexate injection demonstrated a significant improvement in survival (100% in the 24-hr group, 55% in the 8-hr group). However, those animals refed a regular diet 24 hr after methotrexate injection demonstrated a 100% mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
将甲氨蝶呤（20毫克/千克，腹腔内推注）给予喂食普通饲料的大鼠（n = 10），并与喂食元素性、化学定义的液体饲料7天的动物（n = 10）的结果进行比较。所有接受元素性饲料的动物在甲氨蝶呤注射后60小时内出现食欲不振和嗜睡。该组所有动物随后均发展为肠炎，并在150小时内死亡。喂食普通饲料的大鼠没有肠炎的临床证据，该组死亡率为零（p < 0.001）。在第二项研究中，一组大鼠（n = 9）喂食普通饲料7天；四组大鼠（每组n = 9）喂食元素性、化学定义的液体饲料7天。在甲氨蝶呤给药前24小时和8小时或给药后24小时，一组改喂普通饲料；第四组在整个研究期间维持元素性液体饲料喂养。所有喂食普通饲料的大鼠在甲氨蝶呤注射（20毫克/千克，腹腔内注射）后存活。在整个研究期间喂食元素性饲料的所有大鼠均死亡。在甲氨蝶呤注射前24小时或8小时改喂普通饲料的大鼠存活率有显著提高（24小时组为100%，8小时组为55%）。然而，在甲氨蝶呤注射后24小时改喂普通饲料的动物死亡率为100%。（摘要截断于250字）
