Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Oct;117:105468. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105468. Epub 2022 Jul 8.
This integrative review of literature explores the best practice for establishing and maintaining a hospital-based nurse preceptor program. The intent is to provide nurse leadership and educators with guidance for optimizing preceptor programs in order to improve patient, staff, and organizational outcomes.
The project team conducted an integrative review of literature to inform best practice using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines.
Data sources included the PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases.
Each applicable article underwent a rigorous review and appraisal by the project team. The team used the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model to guide the appraisal process and to synthesize results to generate a comprehensive list of recommendations.
The search yielded 115 unique articles that answered the evidence-based practice question. What are best practices for establishing and maintaining a hospital-based nursing preceptor program? Due to the abundance of data, the practice question was divided into three separate sub questions that explored preceptor development, continuous preceptor support, and essential competencies of preceptors. Relevant evidence included one level I article, seven level II articles, and one level IV article. Most of the evidence was found in articles ranking as level III (n = 54) and level V (n = 52).
Many preceptorship themes and recommendations resonate throughout multiple levels of evidence. Recommendations include implementing an evidence-based, standardized curriculum that features diverse teaching modalities, critical thinking, and clinical reasoning. Common themes in the literature echo that preceptors need ongoing education, training, and support to improve nursing satisfaction, retention, and the quality of nursing care.
本文献综述旨在探讨建立和维持医院护士导师计划的最佳实践。其目的是为护理领导和教育工作者提供指导，以优化导师计划，从而改善患者、员工和组织的结果。
项目团队使用约翰霍普金斯循证实践模型和指南对文献进行综合回顾，以了解最佳实践。
资料来源包括 PubMed、CINAHL 和 Cochrane 数据库。
每个适用的文章都经过项目团队的严格审查和评估。团队使用约翰霍普金斯循证实践模型来指导评估过程，并综合结果，生成一份全面的建议清单。
搜索结果产生了 115 篇独特的文章，回答了循证实践问题。建立和维持医院护理导师计划的最佳实践是什么？由于数据丰富，实践问题被分为三个单独的子问题，分别探讨导师发展、持续导师支持和导师的基本能力。相关证据包括一篇一级文章、七篇二级文章和一篇四级文章。大多数证据来自于三级（n=54）和五级（n=52）的文章。
许多导师制主题和建议在多个证据水平上产生共鸣。建议包括实施基于证据的标准化课程，其特点是采用多种教学模式、批判性思维和临床推理。文献中的共同主题是，导师需要不断接受教育、培训和支持，以提高护理满意度、保留率和护理质量。
