Veterinary Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 8075 Greenmead Dr, College Park, MD 20740, United States of America; Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2022 Oct 16;379:109835. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109835. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Plasmid-borne colistin resistance is considered one of the most complex public health concerns worldwide. Several studies reported the presence of the mcr-1.1 harboring Salmonella from the foodstuffs worldwide; still, there is a knowledge gap about the occurrence of these isolates in the Middle East. In this study, we report an mcr-1.1-mediated colistin resistance in two multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. Minnesota (denoted as Sal_2 and Sal_10), with both being also extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing. These isolates have been recovered from two independent samples out of 315 chilled chicken meat tested from retail supermarkets in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, both isolates belonged to the same Sequence Type (ST) ST548. They shared the same genes encoding resistance to the following antimicrobials: polymyxin (mcr-1.1), phenicol (floR), quinolone (qnrB19), aminoglycoside (aac(6')-Iaa), tetracycline (tet(A)), and sulfonamide (sul2). However, the isolates featured different patterns of β-lactamase resistance genes, which included bla (ESBL-β-lactamase) and bla (AmpC-β-lactamase) in the isolate Sal_2, and bla (ESBL-β-lactamase) in the isolate Sal_10. WGS analysis inferred that both S. Minnesota isolates in this study carry an IncX4 plasmid harboring the mcr-1.1 variant. To understand the possible origin of the two mcr-1.1 carrying S. Minnesota isolated from retail chicken meat in this study, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis using available genomes of S. enterica, which harbored mcr-1.1 gene (n = 240, from the Middle East and Asian countries) deposited in the NCBI database. We found that Sal_2 and Sal_10 independently clustered together with other isolates detected in China, mainly from the chicken origin and to a lesser extent from human clinical origin. The finding of mcr-producing colistin-resistant strains in retail chicken meat warrants a more comprehensive One Health investigations involving strains from animals, retail food chains, and human clinical isolates at the national level in the UAE.
质粒介导的粘菌素耐药性被认为是全球最复杂的公共卫生问题之一。有几项研究报告了来自世界各地食品中的携带 mcr-1.1 的沙门氏菌；然而，关于这些分离株在中东的存在，仍然存在知识空白。在这项研究中，我们报告了两株多药耐药（MDR）的明尼苏达沙门氏菌（分别表示为 Sal_2 和 Sal_10）中 mcr-1.1 介导的粘菌素耐药性，这两株菌均产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）。这些分离株是从阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE）零售超市测试的 315 份冷藏鸡肉样本中的两个独立样本中回收的。基于全基因组测序（WGS）分析，这两个分离株均属于同一序列型（ST）ST548。它们共享编码以下抗生素耐药性的相同基因：多粘菌素（mcr-1.1）、氯霉素（floR）、喹诺酮（qnrB19）、氨基糖苷（aac(6')-Iaa）、四环素（tet(A)）和磺胺类药物（sul2）。然而，这些分离株具有不同的β-内酰胺酶耐药基因模式，其中 Sal_2 分离株包含 bla（ESBL-β-内酰胺酶）和 bla（AmpC-β-内酰胺酶），而 Sal_10 分离株则包含 bla（ESBL-β-内酰胺酶）。WGS 分析推断，本研究中的两株明尼苏达沙门氏菌分离株均携带 IncX4 质粒，该质粒携带 mcr-1.1 变体。为了了解本研究中从零售鸡肉中分离出的两株携带 mcr-1.1 的明尼苏达沙门氏菌的可能来源，我们使用可从 NCBI 数据库中获得的携带 mcr-1.1 基因的沙门氏菌基因组（n=240，来自中东和亚洲国家）进行了系统基因组分析。我们发现 Sal_2 和 Sal_10 与其他在中国检测到的分离株独立聚类，这些分离株主要来自鸡源，其次来自人临床源。在零售鸡肉中发现产 mcr 的粘菌素耐药菌株，这需要在阿联酋全国范围内开展更全面的“同一健康”调查，涉及动物、零售食品链和人类临床分离株。
