Center for Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, 19140, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California Nano Systems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, California, USA.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2022 Aug;75:102435. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102435. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms known for their ability to adapt to their environment. In response to stressful environmental conditions or in the presence of a contact surface, they commonly form multicellular aggregates called biofilms. Biofilms form on various abiotic or biotic surfaces through a dynamic stepwise process involving adhesion, growth, and extracellular matrix production. Biofilms develop on tissues as well as on implanted devices during infections, providing the bacteria with a mechanism for survival under harsh conditions including targeting by the immune system and antimicrobial therapy. Like pathogenic bacteria, members of the human microbiota can form biofilms. Biofilms formed by enteric bacteria contribute to several human diseases including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, until recently the interactions of immune cells with biofilms had been mostly uncharacterized. Here, we will discuss how components of the enteric biofilm produced in vivo, specifically amyloid curli and extracellular DNA, could be interacting with the host's immune system causing an unpredicted immune response.
细菌是一种微观的单细胞生物，以适应环境的能力而闻名。当遇到压力环境或接触表面时，它们通常会形成被称为生物膜的多细胞聚集物。生物膜通过一个涉及黏附、生长和细胞外基质产生的动态逐步过程在各种非生物或生物表面上形成。在感染过程中，生物膜会在组织和植入设备上形成，为细菌提供了一种在恶劣条件下生存的机制，包括免疫系统和抗菌治疗的靶向。与致病性细菌一样，人类微生物群的成员也可以形成生物膜。肠道细菌形成的生物膜会导致多种人类疾病，包括自身免疫性疾病和癌症。然而，直到最近，免疫细胞与生物膜的相互作用才被广泛研究。在这里，我们将讨论在体内产生的肠道生物膜的成分，特别是淀粉样卷曲和细胞外 DNA，如何与宿主的免疫系统相互作用，导致意想不到的免疫反应。
