Takkem Amer, Zakaraia Safa, Silan Ali, Alghazawi Mohammad, Sahyouni Wisaam, Al-Manadili Ahmad
Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR.
Cureus. 2022 Jun 19;14(6):e26073. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26073. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Background and aim Several epidemiological and experimental studies have approve that the vegetarian diet has an anticancer effect. Capsaicin is the active botanical ingredient found in red chili peppers. While the data strongly argue for the significant anticancer benefits of capsaicin, nevertheless, much information is required to shed light on the anticancer molecular mechanisms to improve knowledge and suggest potential therapeutic mechanisms for the use of capsaicin against cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of capsaicin on the rate of cell division and apoptosis in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma induced in the buccal pouch of hamsters. Materials and methods The sample consisted of two groups; the first group consisted of 20 hamsters with the application of carcinogenic 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in the buccal pouch (the control group) and the second group (the study group) also consisted of 20 hamsters with the application of DMBA in alternatively with capsaicin. Tissue biopsies were taken from experimental animals after sacrificing. The samples were immunostained for the detection of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proteins. Results Immunohistochemical staining by monoclonal antibody to Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in the study group showed lower expression at all stages of oral cancer development compared with their expression in the control group. After performing the one-way (ANOVA) test, we found statistically significant differences by comparing the expression degree of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proteins in both study groups, where the p-value was less than 0.05. Conclusion We conclude from the data of our study that capsaicin has an anti-cancer role in oral squamous cell carcinoma if applied in the digestive tract of experimental animals by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells and activating apoptosis in them.
背景与目的 多项流行病学和实验研究已证实素食具有抗癌作用。辣椒素是红辣椒中发现的活性植物成分。尽管数据有力地表明辣椒素具有显著的抗癌益处，但仍需要更多信息来阐明其抗癌分子机制，以增进认识并为辣椒素用于抗癌提出潜在的治疗机制。本研究旨在探讨辣椒素对仓鼠颊囊诱发的口腔鳞状细胞癌发展过程中细胞分裂率和细胞凋亡的影响。
材料与方法 样本分为两组；第一组由20只在颊囊涂抹致癌物质7,12 - 二甲基苯并(a)蒽（DMBA）的仓鼠组成（对照组），第二组（研究组）也由20只交替涂抹DMBA和辣椒素的仓鼠组成。实验动物处死后进行组织活检。样本进行免疫染色以检测Ki-67和Bcl-2蛋白。
结果 研究组中针对Ki-67和Bcl-2的单克隆抗体免疫组化染色显示，在口腔癌发展的各个阶段，其表达均低于对照组。进行单因素方差分析（ANOVA）测试后，通过比较两组中Ki-67和Bcl-2蛋白的表达程度，我们发现具有统计学显著差异，p值小于0.05。
结论 从我们的研究数据得出结论，如果在实验动物的消化道中应用辣椒素，它在口腔鳞状细胞癌中具有抗癌作用，通过抑制癌细胞增殖并激活其凋亡。
