School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 2):113929. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113929. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
Due to its high amount of organic and biodegradable components that can be recycled, biowaste is not only a major cause of environmental contamination, but also a vast store of useful materials. The transformation of biowaste into energy and resources via biorefinery is an unavoidable trend, which could aid in reducing carbon emissions and alleviating the energy crisis in light of dwindling energy supplies and mounting environmental difficulties related with solid waste. In addition, the current pandemic and the difficult worldwide situation, with their effects on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of human life, have offered an opportunity to promote the transition to greener energy and sources. In this context, the current advancements and possible trends of utilizing widely available biowaste to produce key biofuels (such as biogas and biodiesel) and resources (such as organic acid, biodegradable plastic, protein product, biopesticide, bioflocculant, and compost) are studied in this review. To achieve the goal of circular bioeconomy, it is necessary to turn biowaste into high-value energy and resources utilizing biological processes. In addition, the usage of recycling technologies and the incorporation of bioconversion to enhance process performance are analyzed critically. Lastly, this work seeks to reduce a number of enduring obstacles to the recycling of biowaste for future use in the circular economy. Although it could alleviate the global energy issue, additional study, market analysis, and finance are necessary to commercialize alternative products and promote their future use. Utilization of biowaste should incorporate a comprehensive approach and a methodical style of thinking, which can facilitate product enhancement and decision optimization through multidisciplinary integration and data-driven techniques.
由于生物废物中含有大量可回收的有机和生物降解成分，因此它不仅是环境污染的主要原因，也是大量有用物质的来源。通过生物炼制将生物废物转化为能源和资源是一种不可避免的趋势，可以帮助减少碳排放，并缓解能源供应减少和与固体废物相关的环境困难所带来的能源危机。此外，当前的大流行病和全球艰难的形势，对人类生活的经济、社会和环境方面产生了影响，为向更绿色的能源和资源过渡提供了机会。在此背景下，本综述研究了利用广泛存在的生物废物生产关键生物燃料（如沼气和生物柴油）和资源（如有机酸、可生物降解塑料、蛋白质产品、生物农药、生物絮凝剂和堆肥）的最新进展和可能趋势。为了实现循环生物经济的目标，需要利用生物过程将生物废物转化为高价值的能源和资源。此外，还批判性地分析了回收技术的使用和生物转化的结合，以提高工艺性能。最后，这项工作旨在减少生物废物循环利用的一些长期障碍，以促进其在未来循环经济中的应用。虽然这可以缓解全球能源问题，但需要进一步的研究、市场分析和资金投入，以实现替代产品的商业化，并促进其未来的应用。生物废物的利用应采用综合方法和系统的思维方式，可以通过多学科融合和数据驱动技术促进产品增强和决策优化。
