Iakovakis Eleftherios, Avcu Egemen, Roy Matthew J, Gee Mark, Matthews Allan
Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Department of Engineering, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 22;12(1):12554. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-15621-9.
The dry sliding wear behaviour of a high carbon martensitic stainless steel (HCMSS) consisting of ~ 22.5 vol% of chromium (Cr)- and vanadium (V)-rich carbides processed by electron beam melting (EBM) has been captured. The microstructure consisted of martensite and retained austenite phases with a homogeneous distribution of sub-micron-sized V-rich and micron-sized Cr-rich carbides, leading to relatively high hardness. The CoF decreased ~ 14.1% with increasing load in the steady-state, due to the material transferred from the wear track over the counterbody. The wear rate of the HCMSS compared to martensitic tool steel processed in the same manner, and it was nearly identical under low applied load. The dominant wear mechanism was removal of the steel matrix through abrasion, followed by the oxidation of the wear track, while three-body abrasive wear occurred with increasing load. A plastically deformed zone beneath the wear track was revealed through cross-sectional hardness mapping. Specific phenomena occurred with increasingly aggressive wear conditions were described with carbide cracking, pull-out of V-rich carbides and matrix cracking. This study revealed the wear performance of the additively manufactured HCMSS, which could pave the way for producing components for wear-related applications ranging from shafts to plastic injection moulds via EBM.
研究记录了通过电子束熔炼（EBM）加工的、含有约22.5体积%富铬（Cr）和钒（V）碳化物的高碳马氏体不锈钢（HCMSS）的干滑动磨损行为。其微观结构由马氏体和残余奥氏体相组成，亚微米级富钒碳化物和微米级富铬碳化物均匀分布，导致硬度相对较高。在稳态下，由于材料从磨损轨迹转移到配对体上，摩擦系数随着载荷增加而降低了约14.1%。与以相同方式加工的马氏体工具钢相比，HCMSS的磨损率在低载荷下几乎相同。主要磨损机制是通过磨蚀去除钢基体，随后磨损轨迹发生氧化，而随着载荷增加出现三体磨料磨损。通过横截面硬度映射揭示了磨损轨迹下方的塑性变形区。描述了在磨损条件日益恶劣时出现的特定现象，包括碳化物开裂、富钒碳化物拔出和基体开裂。这项研究揭示了增材制造HCMSS的磨损性能，这可为通过EBM生产从轴到注塑模具等与磨损相关应用的部件铺平道路。
