State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 10;846:157517. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157517. Epub 2022 Jul 21.
Microbial mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in regulating C and nutrient cycling. Viruses are the most abundant biological agents on Earth, but their effect on the density and activity of soil microorganisms and, consequently, on mineralization of DOM under different temperatures remains poorly understood. To assess the impact of viruses on DOM mineralization, we added soil phage concentrate (active vs. inactive phage control) to four DOM extracts containing inoculated microbial communities and incubated them at 18 °C and 23 °C for 32 days. Infection with active phages generally decreased DOM mineralization at day one and showed accelerated DOM mineralization later (especially from day 5 to 15) compared to that with the inactivated phages. Overall, phage infection increased the microbially driven CO release. Notably, while higher temperature increased the total CO release, the cumulative CO release induced by phage infection (difference between active phages and inactivated control) was not affected. However, higher temperatures advanced the response time of the phages but shortening its active period. Our findings suggest that bacterial predation by phages can significantly affect soil DOM mineralization. Therefore, higher temperatures may accelerate host-phage interactions and thus, the duration of C recycling.
微生物对溶解有机质（DOM）的矿化作用在调节碳和养分循环方面起着重要作用。病毒是地球上最丰富的生物制剂，但它们对土壤微生物密度和活性的影响，以及对不同温度下 DOM 矿化的影响，仍知之甚少。为了评估病毒对 DOM 矿化的影响，我们将土壤噬菌体浓缩物（活性噬菌体与非活性噬菌体对照）添加到含有接种微生物群落的四个 DOM 提取物中，并在 18°C 和 23°C 下培养 32 天。与非活性噬菌体相比，活性噬菌体的感染通常会在第一天降低 DOM 矿化，并在后期（尤其是从第 5 天到第 15 天）加速 DOM 矿化。总体而言，噬菌体感染增加了微生物驱动的 CO 释放。值得注意的是，虽然较高的温度增加了总 CO 释放量，但噬菌体感染引起的累积 CO 释放量（活性噬菌体与非活性对照之间的差异）不受影响。然而，较高的温度会提前噬菌体的反应时间，但缩短其活跃期。我们的研究结果表明，噬菌体对细菌的捕食作用会显著影响土壤 DOM 矿化。因此，较高的温度可能会加速宿主-噬菌体相互作用，从而缩短碳循环的持续时间。
