Meng Fanhua, Yang Ying, Jin Guangwei
North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Department of Radiology, China Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Neurol. 2022 Jul 7;13:865920. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865920. eCollection 2022.
White matter hyperintensity of presumed vascular origin (WMH) is a common medical imaging manifestation in the brains of middle-aged and elderly individuals. WMH can lead to cognitive decline and an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in patients with WMH remains unclear. WMH increases the risk of cognitive impairment, the nature and severity of which depend on lesion volume and location and the patient's cognitive reserve. Abnormal changes in microstructure, cerebral blood flow, metabolites, and resting brain function are observed in patients with WMH with cognitive impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for detecting WMH, and novel MRI techniques have emerged as the key approaches for exploring WMH and cognitive impairment. This article provides an overview of the association between WMH and cognitive impairment and the application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, 3D-arterial spin labeling, intravoxel incoherent motion, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and resting-state functional MRI for examining WMH and cognitive impairment.
推定血管源性白质高信号（WMH）是中老年人群大脑中常见的医学影像表现。WMH可导致认知能力下降以及认知障碍和痴呆风险增加。然而，WMH患者认知障碍的发病机制仍不清楚。WMH会增加认知障碍风险，其性质和严重程度取决于病变体积、位置以及患者的认知储备。在有认知障碍的WMH患者中观察到微观结构、脑血流量、代谢物和静息脑功能的异常变化。磁共振成像（MRI）是检测WMH不可或缺的工具，新型MRI技术已成为探索WMH和认知障碍的关键方法。本文概述了WMH与认知障碍之间的关联，以及动态对比增强MRI、结构MRI、扩散张量成像、三维动脉自旋标记、体素内不相干运动、磁共振波谱和静息态功能MRI在检查WMH和认知障碍方面的应用。
