Laney Samuel R, Okkonen Stephen
Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts USA.
Institute for Marine Science University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA.
Limnol Oceanogr Methods. 2022 Jan;20(1):15-25. doi: 10.1002/lom3.10472. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
An ice buoy system was developed to measure oceanographic properties of freshwater plumes that occur in Arctic coastal oceans under landfast sea ice during the spring freshet. By implanting such systems into sea ice weeks or months in advance of the freshet event, sensors can be located immediately underneath the sea ice layer in situ at depths that riverine freshwater will occupy later when the freshet arrives. This observing approach is modular, can accommodate a wide range of sensors, is designed intentionally for use in remote regions, and can be readily deployed in any nearshore region that can be accessed by snowmachine. The buoy system incorporates an integral floatation collar that allows it to continue sampling as the coastal ocean becomes progressively ice free in the months after the freshet event. Automated sampling and telemetry via a satellite data network provide near-real-time observations of the timing and character of under-ice freshet plumes. An assessment study was done with an array of these ice buoy systems, outfitted with basic hydrographic and optical sensors and deployed in advance of the 2018 and 2019 freshets in landfast sea ice near the mouths of three coastal rivers in Stefansson Sound, Alaska.
开发了一种冰浮标系统，用于测量春季融冰期北极沿海海洋中陆缘海冰下淡水羽流的海洋学特性。通过在融冰事件发生前数周或数月将此类系统植入海冰中，传感器可原位放置在海冰层正下方，深度为融冰期到来时河流淡水随后将占据的位置。这种观测方法具有模块化特点，可容纳多种传感器，专为偏远地区使用而设计，并且可以很容易地部署在任何可通过雪地摩托到达的近岸区域。浮标系统集成了一个整体式漂浮环，使它能够在融冰事件后的数月里随着沿海海洋逐渐无冰而继续进行采样。通过卫星数据网络进行自动采样和遥测，可提供冰下融冰期羽流的时间和特征的近实时观测。使用一系列这些冰浮标系统进行了一项评估研究，这些系统配备了基本的水文和光学传感器，并于2018年和2019年融冰期之前部署在阿拉斯加斯特凡松海峡三条沿海河流河口附近的陆缘海冰中。
