Varella Marco Antonio Correa, Štěrbová Zuzana, Bártová Klára, Fisher Maryanne L, Valentova Jaroslava Varella
Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Front Psychol. 2022 Jul 7;13:925862. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925862. eCollection 2022.
Since Darwin proposed that human musicality evolved through sexual selection, empirical evidence has supported intersexual selection as one of the adaptive functions of artistic propensities. However, intrasexual competition has been overlooked. We tested their relative importance by investigating the relationship between the self-perceived talent/expertise in 16 artistic and 2 sports modalities and proxies of intersexual selection (i.e., mate value, mating and parenting efforts, sociosexuality, and number of sexual partners) and intrasexual competition (i.e., aggressiveness, intrasexual competitiveness) in heterosexuals. Participants were 82 Brazilian men, 166 Brazilian women, 146 Czech men, and 458 Czech women (Mage = 26.48, SD = 7.12). Factor analysis revealed five factors: Literary-arts (creative writing, humor, acting/theater/film, poetry, storytelling), Visual-arts (painting/drawing, sculpting, handcrafting, culinary arts, architecture design), Musical-arts (playing/instruments, singing, dance, whistling), Circus-arts (juggling, acrobatics), and Sports (individual, collective). Multivariate General Linear Model (GLM) showed more associations of the arts to intersexual selection in women and to intrasexual selection in men, and overall more relationships in women than in men. In women, literary and musical-arts were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selections proxies, visual and circus-arts were related to elevated intersexual selection proxies, and sports were related to intrasexual selection proxies. In men, literary-arts and sports were related to elevated inter- and intrasexual selection proxies, musical-arts were related to intrasexual proxies, and circus-arts were related to intersexual proxies; visual-arts did not have predictors. Although present in both sexes, each sexual selection component has different relative importance in each sex. Artisticality functions to attract and maintain long/short-term partners, and to compete with mating rivals.
自从达尔文提出人类的音乐能力是通过性选择进化而来，实证证据已支持异性间选择是艺术倾向的适应性功能之一。然而，同性间竞争一直被忽视。我们通过调查16种艺术形式和2种体育形式的自我感知天赋/专长与异性间选择（即配偶价值、交配和养育努力、社会性取向以及性伴侣数量）和同性间竞争（即攻击性、同性间竞争力）指标之间的关系，来检验它们的相对重要性。参与者包括82名巴西男性、166名巴西女性、146名捷克男性和458名捷克女性（平均年龄 = 26.48，标准差 = 7.12）。因子分析揭示了五个因子：文学艺术（创意写作、幽默、表演/戏剧/电影、诗歌、讲故事）、视觉艺术（绘画/素描、雕塑、手工艺、烹饪艺术、建筑设计）、音乐艺术（演奏/乐器、唱歌、舞蹈、吹口哨）、马戏艺术（杂耍、杂技）和体育（个人项目、集体项目）。多变量一般线性模型（GLM）显示，艺术在女性中与异性间选择的关联更多，在男性中与同性间选择的关联更多，总体而言女性的关联比男性更多。在女性中，文学和音乐艺术与更高的异性间和同性间选择指标相关，视觉和马戏艺术与更高的异性间选择指标相关，体育与同性间选择指标相关。在男性中，文学艺术和体育与更高的异性间和同性间选择指标相关，音乐艺术与同性间指标相关，马戏艺术与异性间指标相关；视觉艺术没有预测指标。虽然两性中都存在，但每种性选择成分在两性中的相对重要性不同。艺术性的作用是吸引和维持长期/短期伴侣，并与交配对手竞争。
