Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 7;13:931862. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931862. eCollection 2022.
Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for cancer patients nowadays. Targeting cancer neoantigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which emerge as a result of non-synonymous somatic mutations with high immunogenicity, is one of the most promising cancer immunotherapy strategies. Currently, several therapeutic options based on the personalized or shared neoantigens have been developed, including neoantigen vaccine and adoptive T-cell therapy, both of which are now being tested in clinical trials for various malignancies. The goal of this review is to outline the use of neoantigens as cancer therapy targets, with an emphasis on neoantigen identification, clinical usage of personalized neoantigen-based cancer therapy agents, and the development of off-the-shelf products based on shared neoantigens. In addition, we introduce and discuss the potential impact of the neoantigen-MHC complex on natural killer (NK) cell antitumor function, which could be a novel way to boost immune response-induced cytotoxicity against malignancies.
免疫疗法已成为当今癌症患者的重要治疗策略。针对主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 分子呈现的癌症新生抗原是最有前途的癌症免疫治疗策略之一，这些新生抗原是由于非同义体细胞突变而产生的，具有高免疫原性。目前，已经开发了几种基于个性化或共享新生抗原的治疗选择，包括新生抗原疫苗和过继性 T 细胞疗法，目前正在临床试验中对各种恶性肿瘤进行测试。本综述的目的是概述将新生抗原作为癌症治疗靶点的用途，重点介绍新生抗原的鉴定、个性化基于新生抗原的癌症治疗药物的临床应用，以及基于共享新生抗原的现成产品的开发。此外，我们介绍和讨论了新生抗原-MHC 复合物对自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞抗肿瘤功能的潜在影响，这可能是增强免疫反应诱导的对恶性肿瘤细胞毒性的一种新方法。
