Şahin Hatice, Hemesath Sebastian, Boll Susanne
Media Informatics and Multimedia Systems Group, Department of Computing Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Institute for Social Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Front Robot AI. 2022 Jul 8;9:885319. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2022.885319. eCollection 2022.
Recent evidence suggests that the assumed conflict-avoidant programming of autonomous vehicles will incentivize pedestrians to bully them. However, this frequent argument disregards the embedded nature of social interaction. Rule violations are socially sanctioned by different forms of social control, which could moderate the rational incentive to abuse risk-avoidant vehicles. Drawing on a gamified virtual reality (VR) experiment ( = 36) of urban traffic scenarios, we tested how vehicle type, different forms of social control, and monetary benefit of rule violations affect pedestrians' decision to jaywalk. In a second step, we also tested whether differences in those effects exist when controlling for the risk of crashes in conventional vehicles. We find that individuals do indeed jaywalk more frequently when faced with an automated vehicle (AV), and this effect largely depends on the associated risk and not their automated nature. We further show that social control, especially in the form of formal traffic rules and norm enforcement, can reduce jaywalking behavior for any vehicle. Our study sheds light on the interaction dynamics between humans and AVs and how this is influenced by different forms of social control. It also contributes to the small gamification literature in this human-computer interaction.
最近的证据表明，自动驾驶汽车所假定的避免冲突程序会促使行人欺负它们。然而，这种常见的观点忽视了社会互动的内在本质。违规行为会受到不同形式社会控制的社会制裁，这可能会缓和滥用避险车辆的理性动机。基于一项城市交通场景的游戏化虚拟现实（VR）实验（ = 36），我们测试了车辆类型、不同形式的社会控制以及违规行为的金钱收益如何影响行人乱穿马路的决定。在第二步中，我们还测试了在控制传统车辆碰撞风险时，这些影响是否存在差异。我们发现，当面对自动驾驶汽车（AV）时，个人确实更频繁地乱穿马路，而且这种影响很大程度上取决于相关风险，而非其自动驾驶的特性。我们进一步表明，社会控制，尤其是以正式交通规则和规范执行的形式，可以减少任何车辆的乱穿马路行为。我们的研究揭示了人类与自动驾驶汽车之间的互动动态，以及这是如何受到不同形式社会控制影响的。它也为这一人机交互领域中少量的游戏化文献做出了贡献。
