Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, Province 200032, China.
Transcription. 2022 Feb-Jun;13(1-3):53-69. doi: 10.1080/21541264.2022.2103366. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Initially discovered by genetic screens in budding yeast, SPT5 and its partner SPT4 form a stable complex known as DSIF in metazoa, which plays pleiotropic roles in multiple steps of transcription. SPT5 is the most conserved transcription elongation factor, being found in all three domains of life; however, its structure has evolved to include new domains and associated posttranslational modifications. These gained features have expanded transcriptional functions of SPT5, likely to meet the demand for increasingly complex regulation of transcription in higher organisms. This review discusses the pleiotropic roles of SPT5 in transcription, including RNA polymerase II (Pol II) stabilization, enhancer activation, Pol II pausing and its release, elongation, and termination, with a focus on the most recent progress of SPT5 functions in regulating metazoan transcription.
最初在芽殖酵母的遗传筛选中发现，SPT5 和其伴侣 SPT4 形成一个稳定的复合物，在后生动物中称为 DSIF，在转录的多个步骤中发挥多效作用。SPT5 是最保守的转录延伸因子，存在于生命的三个领域中；然而，其结构已经进化，包括新的结构域和相关的翻译后修饰。这些获得的特征扩展了 SPT5 的转录功能，可能满足了更高等生物中对转录调控日益复杂的需求。本综述讨论了 SPT5 在转录中的多效作用，包括 RNA 聚合酶 II（Pol II）的稳定、增强子的激活、Pol II 的暂停及其释放、延伸和终止，重点介绍了 SPT5 在调节后生动物转录方面的最新进展。
