Dermitzakis Iasonas, Manthou Maria Eleni, Meditskou Soultana, Miliaras Dimosthenis, Kesidou Evangelia, Boziki Marina, Petratos Steven, Grigoriadis Nikolaos, Theotokis Paschalis
Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54621 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022 Jul 19;44(7):3208-3237. doi: 10.3390/cimb44070222.
The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) coordinates its communication through saltatory conduction, facilitated by myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). Despite the fact that neurogenesis from stem cell niches has caught the majority of attention in recent years, oligodendrogenesis and, more specifically, the molecular underpinnings behind OL-dependent myelinogenesis, remain largely unknown. In this comprehensive review, we determine the developmental cues and molecular drivers which regulate normal myelination both at the prenatal and postnatal periods. We have indexed the individual stages of myelinogenesis sequentially; from the initiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, including migration and proliferation, to first contact with the axon that enlists positive and negative regulators for myelination, until the ultimate maintenance of the axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Here, we highlight multiple developmental pathways that are key to successful myelin formation and define the molecular pathways that can potentially be targets for pharmacological interventions in a variety of neurological disorders that exhibit demyelination.
哺乳动物的中枢神经系统（CNS）通过跳跃式传导来协调其通信，这一过程由形成髓鞘的少突胶质细胞（OLs）推动。尽管近年来干细胞微环境中的神经发生吸引了大部分关注，但少突胶质细胞生成，更具体地说，OL依赖的髓鞘形成背后的分子基础，在很大程度上仍然未知。在这篇全面的综述中，我们确定了在产前和产后阶段调节正常髓鞘形成的发育线索和分子驱动因素。我们按顺序索引了髓鞘形成的各个阶段；从少突胶质细胞前体细胞的起始，包括迁移和增殖，到与轴突的首次接触，轴突招募了髓鞘形成的正负调节因子，直到轴突包裹和髓鞘生长的最终维持。在这里，我们强调了多个对成功形成髓鞘至关重要的发育途径，并定义了在各种表现出脱髓鞘的神经系统疾病中可能成为药物干预靶点的分子途径。
