CytoMorpho Lab, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38054 France.
CytoMorpho Lab, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CNRS/Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, 75010 France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 2;119(31):e2209522119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2209522119. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Active cytoskeletal materials in vitro demonstrate self-organizing properties similar to those observed in their counterparts in cells. However, the search to emulate phenomena observed in living matter has fallen short of producing a cytoskeletal network that would be structurally stable yet possess adaptive plasticity. Here, we address this challenge by combining cytoskeletal polymers in a composite where self-assembling microtubules and actin filaments collectively self-organize due to the activity of microtubule-percolating molecular motors. We demonstrate that microtubules spatially organize actin filaments that in turn guide microtubules. The two networks align in an ordered fashion using this feedback loop. In this composite, actin filaments can act as structural memory and, depending on the concentration of the components, microtubules either write this memory or get guided by it. The system is sensitive to external stimuli, suggesting possible autoregulatory behavior in changing mechanochemical environments. We thus establish an artificial active actin-microtubule composite as a system demonstrating architectural stability and plasticity.
体外活性细胞骨架材料表现出与细胞中观察到的类似的自组织特性。然而，在模仿活物质中观察到的现象的研究中，人们尚未成功地制造出一种既具有结构稳定性又具有自适应可塑性的细胞骨架网络。在这里，我们通过将细胞骨架聚合物组合在一个复合材料中来解决这一挑战，在该复合材料中，由于微管渗透分子马达的活性，自组装的微管和肌动蛋白丝共同自组织。我们证明微管空间组织肌动蛋白丝，而肌动蛋白丝反过来又引导微管。这两个网络通过这个反馈环以有序的方式对齐。在这种复合材料中，肌动蛋白丝可以作为结构记忆，并且根据组件的浓度，微管要么写入此记忆，要么受其引导。该系统对外界刺激敏感，表明在不断变化的机械化学环境中可能存在自动调节行为。因此，我们建立了一个人工活性肌动蛋白-微管复合材料作为展示结构稳定性和可塑性的系统。
