Andreu-Sánchez Óscar, García-Lorenzo Mari Luz, Esbrí José María, Sánchez-Donoso Ramón, Iglesias-Martínez Mario, Arroyo Xabier, Crespo-Feo Elena, Ruiz-Costa Nuria, Roca-Pérez Luis, Castiñeiras Pedro
Departamento de Biología Celular y Biología Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Calidad Ambiental-LEyCA, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Toxics. 2022 Jun 28;10(7):353. doi: 10.3390/toxics10070353.
This study aims to use geochemical, mineralogical, ecotoxicological and biological indicators for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risks related to the mobility, ecotoxicity and bioavailability of potentially harmful elements in the Lousal mining district. Particularly, toxicity was evaluated using four assays: algae, cytotoxicity assays with HaCaT cell line (dermal), earthworms and . The geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the studied area shows that the mine wastes underwent intense weathering processes, producing important contamination of the adjacent soils, which also led to the release and mobilization of PHEs into nearby water courses. Total PTE results indicate that the soils affected by mining activities were highly contaminated with As and Cu, while Zn and Pb content ranged from low to very high, depending on the analyzed samples. Cadmium levels were found to be very low in most of the soil samples. The test using was the most sensitive bioassay, while the test was the least sensitive. Except for the LOS07 soil sample, the rest of the soils were classified as "High acute toxicity" and "Very high acute toxicity" for aquatic systems. The results in HACaT cells showed results similar to the ecotoxicological bioassays. The application of biotests, together with geochemical and mineralogical characterization, is a very useful tool to establish the degree of contamination and the environmental risk of potentially harmful elements.
本研究旨在利用地球化学、矿物学、生态毒理学和生物学指标，全面评估卢萨尔矿区潜在有害元素的迁移性、生态毒性和生物有效性所涉及的生态风险。特别是，使用四种试验评估毒性：藻类、HaCaT细胞系（皮肤）细胞毒性试验、蚯蚓试验以及……。研究区域的地球化学和矿物学特征表明，矿山废弃物经历了强烈的风化过程，对邻近土壤造成了严重污染，这也导致了潜在有害元素释放并迁移到附近的水道中。总潜在有毒元素结果表明，受采矿活动影响的土壤受到砷和铜的高度污染，而锌和铅的含量根据分析样本的不同，从低到非常高不等。在大多数土壤样本中，镉含量非常低。使用……的试验是最敏感的生物测定法，而……试验是最不敏感的。除了LOS07土壤样本外，其余土壤对水生系统被归类为“高急性毒性”和“非常高急性毒性”。HaCaT细胞试验结果与生态毒理学生物测定结果相似。生物测试与地球化学和矿物学特征的应用相结合，是确定潜在有害元素污染程度和环境风险的非常有用的工具。
