Endocrinology, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, United States.
Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States.
Horm Metab Res. 2022 Dec;54(12):795-812. doi: 10.1055/a-1908-7790. Epub 2022 Jul 25.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) occur in various regions of the body and present with complex clinical and biochemical phenotypes. The molecular underpinnings that give rise to such varied manifestations have not been completely deciphered. The management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) involves surgery, locoregional therapy, and/or systemic therapy. Several forms of systemic therapy, including platinum-based chemotherapy, temozolomide/capecitabine, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy have been extensively studied and implemented in the treatment of NETs. However, the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy as an option in the management of NETs has only recently garnered attention. Till date, it is not clear whether ICI therapy holds any distinctive advantage in terms of efficacy or safety when compared to other available systemic therapies for NETs. Identifying the characteristics of NETs that would make them (better) respond to ICIs has been challenging. This review provides a summary of the current evidence on the value of ICI therapy in the management of ICIs and discusses the potential areas for future research.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NETs）发生于体内多个部位，并呈现出复杂的临床和生化表型。导致这些不同表现的分子基础尚未完全阐明。神经内分泌肿瘤（NETs）的治疗包括手术、局部区域治疗和/或全身治疗。多种形式的全身治疗，包括铂类化疗、替莫唑胺/卡培他滨、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、mTOR 抑制剂和肽受体放射性核素治疗，已被广泛研究并应用于 NETs 的治疗中。然而，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）治疗作为 NETs 治疗选择的潜力最近才引起关注。迄今为止，与 NETs 的其他可用全身治疗相比，ICI 治疗在疗效或安全性方面是否具有独特优势尚不清楚。确定使 NETs 对 ICI 更（好）应答的特征具有挑战性。本综述总结了 ICI 治疗在 NETs 管理中的价值的现有证据，并讨论了未来研究的潜在领域。
