人类语言中的效率：普遍原则的语料证据
Efficiency in human languages: Corpus evidence for universal principles.
作者信息
Levshina Natalia, Moran Steven
机构信息
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Language and Space Lab, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
出版信息
Linguist Vanguard. 2021 Apr 21;7(Suppl3):20200081. doi: 10.1515/lingvan-2020-0081. eCollection 2021 May 1.
Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in communicative efficiency. It has been argued that language users act efficiently, saving effort for processing and articulation, and that language structure and use reflect this tendency. The emergence of new corpus data has brought to life numerous studies on efficient language use in the lexicon, in morphosyntax, and in discourse and phonology in different languages. In this introductory paper, we discuss communicative efficiency in human languages, focusing on evidence of efficient language use found in multilingual corpora. The evidence suggests that efficiency is a universal feature of human language. We provide an overview of different manifestations of efficiency on different levels of language structure, and we discuss the major questions and findings so far, some of which are addressed for the first time in the contributions in this special collection.
在过去几年中，人们对交际效率的兴趣与日俱增。有人认为，语言使用者行为高效，会节省处理和表达的精力，而且语言结构和使用也反映了这种倾向。新语料库数据的出现催生了大量关于不同语言在词汇、形态句法、语篇和语音方面高效语言使用的研究。在这篇引言性论文中，我们将探讨人类语言中的交际效率，重点关注多语料库中发现的高效语言使用的证据。证据表明，效率是人类语言的一个普遍特征。我们概述了语言结构不同层面上效率的不同表现形式，并讨论了迄今为止的主要问题和研究结果，其中一些问题在本特刊的稿件中是首次探讨。
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