School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, P. R. China.
Chem Asian J. 2022 Sep 14;17(18):e202200611. doi: 10.1002/asia.202200611. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
Heavier analogues of carbonyls, in the form of "R E=O" (E=Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), feature a high polar E=O double bond. In contrast to carbonyl compounds, heavier analogues are extremely unstable and prone to proceed head-to-tail oligomerization. Thus, the isolation of such species under ambient conditions is a challenging synthetic target in main group chemistry. In recent years, much progress has been achieved in the synthesis and isolation of a variety of Lewis base/acid, Lewis base-stabilized and even Lewis acid/base free heavier analogues. These compounds exhibit interesting reactivities, such as small molecule activation and metathesis reactions, indicating the potential of heavier analogues in synthetic chemistry. This review summarizes the recent achievements in the chemistry of Lewis base and/or acid stabilized heavier analogues of carbonyls, including synthetic approaches, structural parameters and reactivity of these isolable compounds.
羰基的重元素类似物，以“R E=O”（E=Si、Ge、Sn、Pb）的形式存在，具有高极性的 E=O 双键。与羰基化合物相比，重元素类似物极不稳定，容易进行头到尾的齐聚反应。因此，在环境条件下分离这些物质是主族化学中具有挑战性的合成目标。近年来，在路易斯酸碱、路易斯碱稳定甚至路易斯酸碱自由重元素类似物的合成和分离方面取得了很大进展。这些化合物表现出有趣的反应性，例如小分子的活化和复分解反应，这表明重元素类似物在合成化学中有潜力。本文综述了路易斯酸碱稳定的羰基重元素类似物的化学研究进展，包括这些可分离化合物的合成方法、结构参数和反应性。
