Magriplis Emmanuella, Kanellopoulou Aikaterini, Notara Venetia, Antonogeorgos George, Rojas-Gil Andrea Paola, Kornilaki Ekaterina N, Lagiou Areti, Zampelas Antonis, Panagiotakos Demosthenes B
Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2022 Jul 20;9(7):1088. doi: 10.3390/children9071088.
Adding extra sugars in milk and the moderating effect of sleep has yet to be investigated, setting the aim of this study. A total of 1361 school-aged children were included, aged 10−12 years old, by randomly sampling schools. Data were interview-obtained by trained personnel using a validated 17-item food frequency questionnaire, with specifics on type of milk and extra sugar additions. Analyses were stratified by average recommended hours of sleep. Predictive probability margins were obtained following necessary adjustments. Mean BMI was significantly lower, the level of SSB intake was higher, and the prevalence of adding sugars to milk four or more times per week was higher in children that slept ≥10 h. Most children (64%) consumed full fat milk, 21% had low fat, and 19.7% chocolate milk, with a significantly larger proportion of overweight or obese children consuming full fat or chocolate milk, also adding extra sugars four or more times per week (4.1% compared to 9.6%, and 12.2% compared to 39.5%, respectively). The predictive probability of being overweight or obese exponentially increased for children consuming >0.5 SSB/day while also adding sugars to their milk frequently, although this effect remained significant only for children sleeping <10 h/day. In conclusion, to accurately address the effect of SSBs on children’s body weight, frequency of any type of sugar addition in milk should be accounted for, as well as average sleep hours that may further moderate the effect.
牛奶中添加额外糖分以及睡眠的调节作用尚未得到研究，这设定了本研究的目标。通过随机抽取学校，共纳入了1361名10至12岁的学龄儿童。数据由经过培训的人员使用经过验证的17项食物频率问卷通过访谈获取，问卷涉及牛奶类型和额外添加糖的具体情况。分析按平均推荐睡眠时间进行分层。在进行必要调整后获得预测概率边际。睡眠≥10小时的儿童平均BMI显著更低，含糖饮料摄入量水平更高，每周向牛奶中添加糖四次或更多次的患病率更高。大多数儿童（64%）饮用全脂牛奶，21%饮用低脂牛奶，19.7%饮用巧克力牛奶，超重或肥胖儿童中饮用全脂或巧克力牛奶且每周添加额外糖四次或更多次的比例显著更高（分别为4.1%和9.6%，以及12.2%和39.5%）。每天饮用>0.5份含糖饮料且经常在牛奶中添加糖的儿童超重或肥胖的预测概率呈指数增加，尽管这种影响仅在每天睡眠<10小时的儿童中仍然显著。总之，为了准确评估含糖饮料对儿童体重的影响，应考虑牛奶中添加任何类型糖的频率以及可能进一步调节这种影响的平均睡眠时间。
