Shires A, Thompson J R, Turner B V, Kennedy P M, Goh Y K
Poult Sci. 1987 Feb;66(2):289-98. doi: 10.3382/ps.0660289.
The effect of corn-canola meal and corn-soybean meal diets on the form and function of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler (meat-type) and White Leghorn (egg-type) cockerels was measured from 14 to 44 and 14 to 86 days of age or 203 to 1,844 and 115 to 1,777 g of body weight, respectively. Dry weights of the empty crop (P less than .01), gizzard (P less than .001), and ceca (P less than .001) relative to live body weight (g/kg) were lighter in broilers than in Leghorns. Canola meal at 370 g/kg diet was associated with increased (P less than .001) dry weight of the gizzard and jejunum relative to body weight. Soybean meal at 370 g/kg diet was associated with increased (P less than .001) dry weight of the ceca relative to body weight. The lengths, relative to a power of body weight of the duodenum (cm/g.187) and jejunum plus ileum (cm/g.240), were longer (P less than .001) in broilers than in Leghorns. The canola meal diet was associated with an increase (P less than .001) in length of the jejunum plus ileum (cm/g.240) relative to a power of body weight. Mean retention time (MRT) of a particle marker, 103ruthenium phenanthroline, increased with body weight in the entire gastrointestinal tract (P less than .001) and in each of its segments except in the proventriculus, where it was not affected by body weight (P greater than .05), and in the gizzard, where it decreased (P less than .05) with body weight. The MRT, adjusted for body weight in the entire gastrointestinal tract of broilers (338.0 +/- 10.8 min) and Leghorns (359.9 +/- 10.8 min), was similar (P greater than .05) but varied significantly in segments of the gut for both type of chicken and diet. Adjusted MRT was shorter in the crop (P less than .001) and gizzard (P less than .001) and longer in the duodenum (P less than .001) and ileum (P less than .01) of broilers than Leghorns. The soybean meal diet was retained for 2.3 min longer in the duodenum (P less than .001) and 84.2 min longer in the ceca (P less than .001) than the canola meal diet, which accounted for the longer (P less than .001) retention of the soybean meal diet in the entire gastrointestinal tract (388.0 +/- 10.6 vs. 309.8 +/- 10.8 min). Segments of the gastrointestinal tract vary in length, weight, and MRT of digesta with dietary composition and type and body weight of chicken.
分别在14至44日龄以及14至86日龄，或者体重在203至1844克以及115至1777克时，测定了玉米-油菜籽粕和玉米-豆粕日粮对肉用型肉鸡和蛋用型白来航公鸡胃肠道形态和功能的影响。相对于活体重（克/千克）而言，空嗉囊（P<0.01）、肌胃（P<0.001）和盲肠（P<0.001）的干重，肉鸡比来航鸡更轻。日粮中含370克/千克油菜籽粕时，相对于体重，肌胃和空肠的干重增加（P<0.001）。日粮中含370克/千克豆粕时，相对于体重，盲肠的干重增加（P<0.001）。相对于体重幂次而言，十二指肠（厘米/克^0.187）以及空肠加回肠（厘米/克^0.240）的长度，肉鸡比来航鸡更长（P<0.001）。油菜籽粕日粮使空肠加回肠相对于体重幂次的长度增加（P<0.001）。颗粒标记物103钌菲咯啉在整个胃肠道（P<0.001）及其各段的平均停留时间（MRT）随体重增加，前胃不受体重影响（P>0.05），肌胃中MRT随体重下降（P<0.05）。经体重校正后，肉鸡（338.0±10.8分钟）和来航鸡（359.9±10.8分钟）整个胃肠道的MRT相似（P>0.05），但对于两种类型的鸡和日粮，消化道各段的MRT差异显著。经校正后，肉鸡嗉囊（P<0.001）和肌胃（P<0.001）的MRT较短，十二指肠（P<0.001）和回肠（P<0.01）的MRT比来航鸡长。豆粕日粮在十二指肠中的停留时间比油菜籽粕日粮长2.3分钟（P<0.001），在盲肠中长84.2分钟（P<0.001），这使得豆粕日粮在整个胃肠道中的停留时间更长（P<0.001）（388.0±10.6分钟对309.8±10.8分钟）。消化道各段在食糜的长度、重量以及MRT方面，因日粮组成、鸡的类型和体重而有所不同。
