Department of Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 17;19(14):8692. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19148692.
The consequence of better living conditions for every subsequent generation is the phenomenon of change in the rate of maturation and body dimensions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intergenerational changes in the age of menarche of girls living in rural and urban communities in the industrial region of Poland using samples from two different centuries and to determine the relationship between family structure (two-parent and single-parent) and sexual maturation of the girls in both environments.
The study included 3643 rural and urban girls aged 7-16 from southwestern Poland (Copper Basin). The research was cross-sectional in each environment around 2000 and 2010, and it was carried out twice. Two types of family structure were taken into account: two-parent and single-parent families. The median age of menarche and odds ratio (OR) of menarche depending on the place of residence and family structure were calculated. The status quo method was used when assessing the age of menarche.
In both groups, the age of menarche significantly decreased during the decade. The median age of menarche in the urban girls was lower compared with their rural peers, but a significant difference was found only during the second examination (a decade after the first examination). There were no significant changes in menarche during the decade regarding family structure (neither in girls from two-parent families nor those from single-parent families), except in rural girls from two-parent families. Comparing the median age of menarche of girls from two-parent families with girls from single-parent families (urban and rural) showed lower median values in the girls from two-parent families, but no differences were significant.
The acceleration of the maturation rate over the last decade has been observed among both rural and urban girls. Environmental differences in maturation rates between rural and urban girls increased over the course of the decade, and the difference between the rural and urban girls' age of menarche was statistically significant in the second examination (around 2010).The living conditions related to family structure did not significantly affect the timing of menarche.
每一代更好的生活条件的结果是成熟率和身体尺寸变化的现象。本研究的目的是评估波兰工业区农村和城市社区女孩月经初潮年龄的代际变化,使用来自两个不同世纪的样本,并确定家庭结构(双亲家庭和单亲家庭)与女孩在这两种环境中的性成熟之间的关系。
该研究包括来自波兰西南部铜盆地的 3643 名农村和城市女孩,年龄为 7-16 岁。在每个环境中,研究均为 2000 年和 2010 年的横断面研究,且进行了两次。考虑了两种家庭结构:双亲家庭和单亲家庭。计算了月经初潮的中位数年龄和初潮的优势比(OR),并根据居住地和家庭结构进行了计算。评估月经初潮年龄时使用了现状法。
在两个组中,青春期年龄在十年间显著下降。城市女孩的月经初潮中位数年龄低于农村同龄人,但仅在第二次检查(第一次检查十年后)中发现了显著差异。在十年间,家庭结构(无论是双亲家庭的女孩还是单亲家庭的女孩)都没有发生明显的初潮变化,除了双亲家庭的农村女孩。比较双亲家庭的女孩和单亲家庭的女孩(城乡)的月经初潮中位数年龄,发现双亲家庭的女孩的中位数年龄较低,但无差异具有统计学意义。
过去十年中,农村和城市女孩的成熟率都有所加快。在过去的十年中,农村和城市女孩的成熟率之间的环境差异有所增加,而且在第二次检查(大约 2010 年)时,城乡女孩的月经初潮年龄存在统计学上的显著差异。与家庭结构有关的生活条件并未显著影响月经初潮的时间。