Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 9;23(14):7616. doi: 10.3390/ijms23147616.
Liposomes and planar membranes made of archaea or archaea-like lipids exhibit many unusual physical properties compared to model membranes composed of conventional diester lipids. Here, we review several recent findings in this research area, which include (1) thermosensitive archaeosomes with the capability to drastically change the membrane surface charge, (2) MthK channel's capability to insert into tightly packed tetraether black lipid membranes and exhibit channel activity with surprisingly high calcium sensitivity, and (3) the intercalation of apolar squalane into the midplane space of diether bilayers to impede proton permeation. We also review the usage of tetraether archaeosomes as nanocarriers of therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants, as well as the biomedical applications of planar archaea lipid membranes. The discussion on archaeosomal therapeutics is focused on partially purified tetraether lipid fractions such as the polar lipid fraction E (PLFE) and glyceryl caldityl tetraether (GCTE), which are the main components of PLFE with the sugar and phosphate removed.
与由传统二酯脂质组成的模型膜相比，由古菌或类似古菌的脂质制成的脂质体和平面膜表现出许多不寻常的物理性质。在这里，我们综述了该研究领域的几项最新发现，其中包括 (1) 具有剧烈改变膜表面电荷能力的热敏性 archaeosomes，(2) MthK 通道能够插入紧密堆积的四醚黑脂质膜并表现出具有惊人高钙敏感性的通道活性，以及 (3) 非极性 squalane 插入二醚双层中间平面空间以阻碍质子渗透。我们还综述了四醚 archaeosomes 作为治疗药物和疫苗佐剂的纳米载体的用途，以及平面古菌脂质膜的生物医学应用。关于 archaeosomal 治疗学的讨论集中在部分纯化的四醚脂质部分，如极性脂质部分 E (PLFE) 和甘油 Caldityl 四醚 (GCTE)，它们是 PLFE 的主要成分，糖和磷酸已被去除。
