Bala-Litwiniak Agnieszka, Musiał Dorota
Department of Production Management, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jul 11;15(14):4826. doi: 10.3390/ma15144826.
The paper analyzes the suitability of four types of biomass pellets as a fuel for heating purposes. Three types of waste biomass (sunflower husks, rapeseed cake, and corn straw) and one type of biomass grown for energy purposes (willow) were selected. After appropriate preparation, the selected starting materials were subjected to the pelletization process. Selected physical and chemical properties of the studied biomass pellets were determined. All four types of the analyzed pellets met the EN-ISO-17225-2:2014 standard in terms of bulk density, dimensions, as well as nitrogen and moisture content. The highest calorific value was pellets made of sunflower husk (17.27 MJ/m) and willow (16.81 MJ/m), while the calorific value of pellets made of corn straw and rapeseed cake did not exceed 16.5 MJ/m and did not meet the standard. In addition, the ash content for these two types of pellets was well above the standard. A 10 kW domestic biomass boiler was employed for burning the tested pellets. The consumption of analyzed fuels during boiler operation was determined. The concentration of CO, CO, and NO in exhaust gases was also examined. The obtained experimental results were compared with the numerical calculations with the use of ANSYS Chemkin-Pro using two mechanisms. The highest concentrations of CO and CO were observed during the combustion of sunflower and willow husk pellets, which probably resulted from the highest carbon content and, thus, the highest calorific value when compared to cake and straw pellets. For all analyzed pellets, the value of NO and NO concentration was similar and did not exceed 368 ppm and 18 ppm, respectively. The results closest to the experiment were obtained for calculations using the mechanism developed by Glarborg et al. The research carried out in the article shows that out of the four analyzed types of pellets, only sunflower and willow husk pellets can be burned in a domestic boiler adapted to burning wood pellets, which is a cheap alternative to wood pellets.
本文分析了四种生物质颗粒作为供热燃料的适用性。选择了三种废弃生物质（向日葵壳、菜籽饼和玉米秸秆）和一种用于能源生产的生物质（柳树）。经过适当制备后，将选定的原材料进行制粒过程。测定了所研究生物质颗粒的选定物理和化学性质。分析的所有四种颗粒在堆积密度、尺寸以及氮和水分含量方面均符合EN-ISO-17225-2:2014标准。热值最高的是由向日葵壳（17.27兆焦/立方米）和柳树（16.81兆焦/立方米）制成的颗粒，而由玉米秸秆和菜籽饼制成的颗粒热值不超过16.5兆焦/立方米，不符合标准。此外，这两种颗粒的灰分含量远高于标准。使用一台10千瓦的家用生物质锅炉燃烧测试颗粒。测定了锅炉运行期间分析燃料的消耗量。还检测了废气中一氧化碳、二氧化碳和一氧化氮的浓度。将获得的实验结果与使用两种机理的ANSYS Chemkin-Pro数值计算结果进行了比较。在燃烧向日葵和柳树壳颗粒时观察到一氧化碳和二氧化碳的浓度最高，这可能是由于与饼状和秸秆颗粒相比，其碳含量最高，因此热值也最高。对于所有分析的颗粒，一氧化氮和二氧化氮浓度的值相似，分别不超过368 ppm和18 ppm。使用Glarborg等人开发的机理进行计算得到的结果与实验最接近。文章中的研究表明，在分析的四种颗粒类型中，只有向日葵和柳树壳颗粒可以在适用于燃烧木质颗粒的家用锅炉中燃烧，这是木质颗粒的一种廉价替代品。
