Čajová Kantová Nikola, Nosek Radovan, Backa Alexander, Čaja Alexander, Jewiarz Marcin, Mudryk Krzysztof
Research Centre, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26, Zilina, Slovakia.
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 010 26, Zilina, Slovakia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 23;10(15):e34802. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34802. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
It is necessary to reduce dependency on fossil fuels for heating and waste generation, while also utilizing the energy potential of waste materials. One possibility is to create fuel pellets where waste makes up a small proportion so that the properties of the wood are not significantly altered with. This article investigates the energy usage of pellets containing spent coffee grounds (5 % or 10 %) and waste face masks (5 % or 10 %), with spruce sawdust as the primary input material (80 % or 90 %). The elemental, thermogravimetric, calorific value, mechanical durability, emission and performance characteristics, and ash melting temperatures of the pellets were evaluated during the experiment. The results were compared with respect to pure spruce sawdust pellets and the specified limit values for wood pellets in commercial and residential applications as specified in ISO 17225 [18]. Both tested samples met the element content limit (N, S, Cl, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Zn) for the highest quality grade (A1). No significant amounts of harmful elements were detected. The samples also complied with the limits of moisture content, ash content, and net calorific value (also known as lower calorific value). All samples met the emission limits in their respective classes (3, 4, or 5) according to STN EN 303-5+A1 [35]. However, the samples failed to meet the limit values for mechanical durability and ash melting temperatures. Despite this, the manufactured pellet samples represent a suitable fuel product for combustion purposes as a more sustainable thermal energy fuel.
有必要减少供暖和垃圾处理对化石燃料的依赖，同时利用废料的能源潜力。一种可能性是制造燃料颗粒，其中废料占比小，这样木材的特性就不会被显著改变。本文研究了以云杉锯末为主要原料（80%或90%），含有5%或10%的咖啡渣和5%或10%的废弃口罩的颗粒的能源使用情况。在实验过程中，对颗粒的元素、热重、热值、机械耐久性、排放和性能特征以及灰熔点进行了评估。将结果与纯云杉锯末颗粒以及ISO 17225 [18]中规定的商业和住宅应用中木质颗粒的指定限值进行了比较。两个测试样品均符合最高质量等级（A1）的元素含量限值（N、S、Cl、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni和Zn）。未检测到大量有害元素。样品还符合水分含量、灰分含量和净热值（也称为低热值）的限值。根据STN EN 303-5+A1 [35]，所有样品均符合各自等级（3、4或5）的排放限值。然而，样品未达到机械耐久性和灰熔点的限值。尽管如此，制造的颗粒样品作为一种更可持续的热能燃料，是一种适合燃烧目的的燃料产品。
