Liu Jie, Yang Yang, Xu Zhuopin, Wang Qi, Liu Binmei, Wu Yuejin
Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
Science IsIand Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei 230026, China.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jul 15;10(7):1434. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10071434.
Internally mildewed sunflower seeds pose a significant risk to human health. To control internal mildew, it is imperative to study its source in the main production area of China, which has been little investigated. Here, high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the fungal and fungus-seed communities. Alpha diversity and ANOSIM analyses showed mildew did not alter the fungal compositions significantly. STAMP analysis showed that the sunflower seeds were most vulnerable to internal mildew during the field-planting stage. was the predominant mildew-causing pathogen of sunflower seeds for consumption, which may originate from seed transmission and colonize at the seed-development stage. Finally, only a few seeds developed internal mildew with a worrisome level of contamination in the humid field climate. NMDS analysis showed that climatic factors also played important roles in shaping microbial change during storage, with a relative humidity (RH) of 67% being the critical threshold in normal-temperature warehouses. Internal mildew never occurred below the RH threshold for the microbial community structure, which hardly changed after an average storage duration. The results indicated that a combination of field management to combat , pretreatment with 5 KGy γ-irradiation and drying at the time of storage will minimize or prevent internal mildew. This work also provides an empirical framework for studies of mildewing in other shelled seeds.
内部发霉的葵花籽对人体健康构成重大风险。为了控制内部发霉，必须在中国主要产区研究其源头，而此前对此研究甚少。在此，利用高通量测序对真菌和真菌-种子群落进行表征。α多样性和ANOSIM分析表明，发霉并未显著改变真菌组成。STAMP分析表明，葵花籽在田间种植阶段最易发生内部发霉。 是食用葵花籽的主要致霉病原体，可能源于种子传播并在种子发育阶段定殖。最后，在潮湿的田间气候条件下，只有少数种子出现了令人担忧的内部发霉污染水平。NMDS分析表明，气候因素在储存期间塑造微生物变化方面也起着重要作用，常温仓库中67%的相对湿度（RH）是关键阈值。在微生物群落结构的RH阈值以下，内部发霉从未发生，平均储存期后微生物群落结构几乎没有变化。结果表明，结合田间管理以对抗 、5千戈瑞γ射线辐照预处理和储存时干燥将最大限度减少或防止内部发霉。这项工作还为其他带壳种子发霉研究提供了一个实证框架。
