Jiménez-Gómez Yolanda, Alba-Molina David, Blanco-Blanco Mario, Pérez-Fajardo Lorena, Reyes-Ortega Felisa, Ortega-Llamas Laura, Villalba-González Marta, Fernández-Choquet de Isla Ignacio, Pugliese Francisco, Stoikow Indira, González-Andrades Miguel
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Jul 15;14(7):1473. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071473.
In recent years, the number of patients with ocular diseases is increasing as a consequence of population aging. Among them, one of the most common is the age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition that leads to vision loss if it is not treated. AMD is a multifactorial disorder with two advanced forms, dry and neovascular AMD. Currently, although there is no approved therapy that significantly impacts dry AMD progression, several pharmacologic therapies exist for neovascular AMD. Notwithstanding, evidence suggests a suboptimal result in a high number of patients receiving these therapeutic options. Consequently, finding effective strategies is not only a still unmet medical need in dry AMD but also in neovascular AMD. This underlines the need for new drug delivery technologies that can improve the pharmacological action and drug concentration at the target sites. In this regard, sustained drug delivery systems are presented as the most promising therapeutic options in AMD patients. This review summarized the pathogenesis and the current treatment options for AMD, focusing on the emerging ocular sustained drug delivery approaches undergoing clinical trials.
近年来，由于人口老龄化，眼部疾病患者的数量在不断增加。其中，最常见的疾病之一是年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD），如果不进行治疗，这种疾病会导致视力丧失。AMD是一种多因素疾病，有干性和新生血管性AMD两种晚期形式。目前，虽然没有批准的疗法能显著影响干性AMD的进展，但针对新生血管性AMD有几种药物疗法。尽管如此，有证据表明，大量接受这些治疗方案的患者效果并不理想。因此，寻找有效的治疗策略不仅在干性AMD中仍是未满足的医疗需求，在新生血管性AMD中也是如此。这凸显了对新型药物递送技术的需求，这些技术可以改善药物在靶部位的药理作用和药物浓度。在这方面，持续药物递送系统被认为是AMD患者最有前景的治疗选择。本综述总结了AMD的发病机制和当前的治疗选择，重点关注正在进行临床试验的新兴眼部持续药物递送方法。
