Ott Tankred, Schall Maximilian, Vogt Robert, Oberprieler Christoph
Evolutionary and Systematic Botany Group, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Botanic Garden & Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14191 Berlin, Germany.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 19;11(14):1878. doi: 10.3390/plants11141878.
Species delimitation-owing to the paramount role of the species rank in evolutionary, ecological, and nature conservation studies-is an essential contribution of taxonomy to biodiversity research. In an 'integrative taxonomy' approach to species delimitation on the diploid level, we searched for evolutionary significant units (the warps and wefts) that gave rise to the polyploid complex of European ox-eye daisies (; Compositae-Anthemideae). Species discovery and validation methods based on genetic, ecological, geographical, and morphometric datasets were applied to test the currently accepted diploid morpho-species, i.e., morphologically delimited species, in Novel approaches were taken in the analyses of RADseq data (consensus clustering), morphometrics of reconstructed leaf silhouettes from digitized herbarium specimens, and quantification of species-distribution overlaps. We show that 17 of the 20 morpho-species are supported by genetic evidence. The taxonomic rank of the remaining three morpho-species was resolved by combining genealogic, ecologic, geographic, and morphologic data in the framework of von Wettstein's morpho-geographical species concept. We herewith provide a methodological pipeline for the species delimitation in an 'integrative taxonomy' fashion using sources of evidence from genealogical, morphological, ecological, and geographical data in the philosophy of De Queiroz's "Unified Species Concept".
物种界定——由于物种等级在进化、生态和自然保护研究中起着至关重要的作用——是分类学对生物多样性研究的重要贡献。在一种用于二倍体水平物种界定的“综合分类学”方法中，我们寻找了构成欧洲牛眼雏菊（菊科-春黄菊族）多倍体复合体的进化显著单元（经线和纬线）。基于遗传、生态、地理和形态测量数据集的物种发现和验证方法被用于检验目前被认可的二倍体形态物种，即形态学上界定的物种。在RADseq数据（一致性聚类）分析、从数字化标本馆标本重建的叶片轮廓的形态测量以及物种分布重叠的量化方面采用了新方法。我们表明，20个形态物种中有17个得到了遗传证据的支持。其余三个形态物种的分类等级通过在冯·韦特施泰因的形态地理物种概念框架内结合谱系、生态、地理和形态数据得以解决。我们在此提供了一种以“综合分类学”方式进行物种界定的方法流程，该流程使用了来自谱系、形态、生态和地理数据的证据来源，其理念基于德奎罗斯的“统一物种概念”。
