Li Yan, Qi Leijie, Liu Yifan, Qiao Junjie, Wang Maotao, Liu Xinyue, Li Shasha
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China.
State Grid Hebei Baoding Electric Power Company Limited, Baoding 071051, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Jul 15;14(14):2876. doi: 10.3390/polym14142876.
With the continuous advancements of urbanization, the demand for power cables is increasing to replace overhead lines for energy transmission and distribution. Due to undesirable scenarios, e.g., the short circuit or poor contact, the cables can cause fire. The cable sheath has a significant effect on fire expansion. Thus, it is of great significance to carry out research on flame-retardant modification for cable sheath material to prevent fire accidents. With the continuous environmental concern, polyolefin (PO) is expected to gradually replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for cable sheath material. Moreover, the halogen-free flame retardants (FRs), which are the focus of this paper, will replace the ones with halogen gradually. The halogen-free FRs used in PO cable sheath material can be divided into inorganic flame retardant, organic flame retardant, and intumescent flame retardant (IFR). However, most FRs will cause severe damage to the mechanical properties of the PO cable sheath material, mainly reflected in the elongation at break and tensile strength. Therefore, the cooperative modification of PO materials for flame retardancy and mechanical properties has become a research hotspot. For this review, about 240 works from the literature related to FRs used in PO materials were investigated. It is shown that the simultaneous improvement for flame retardancy and mechanical properties mainly focuses on surface treatment technology, nanotechnology, and the cooperative effect of multiple FRs. The principle is mainly to improve the compatibility of FRs with PO polymers and/or increase the efficiency of FRs.
随着城市化进程的不断推进，对电力电缆的需求日益增加，以取代架空线路用于能量传输和分配。由于短路或接触不良等不良情况，电缆可能引发火灾。电缆护套对火灾蔓延有显著影响。因此，对电缆护套材料进行阻燃改性研究以预防火灾事故具有重要意义。随着对环境问题的持续关注，聚烯烃（PO）有望逐渐取代聚氯乙烯（PVC）作为电缆护套材料。此外，本文重点关注的无卤阻燃剂（FRs）将逐渐取代含卤阻燃剂。用于PO电缆护套材料的无卤FRs可分为无机阻燃剂、有机阻燃剂和膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）。然而，大多数FRs会对PO电缆护套材料的机械性能造成严重损害，主要体现在断裂伸长率和拉伸强度上。因此，对PO材料进行阻燃和机械性能的协同改性已成为研究热点。在本次综述中，对约240篇与PO材料中使用的FRs相关的文献进行了调研。结果表明，同时提高阻燃性和机械性能主要集中在表面处理技术、纳米技术以及多种FRs的协同效应上。其原理主要是提高FRs与PO聚合物的相容性和/或提高FRs的效率。
