Abdulwahid Huda M, Mishra Alok
Department of Modeling and Design of Engineering Systems (MODES), Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey.
Department of Software Engineering, Atilim University, Ankara 06830, Turkey.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 7;22(14):5094. doi: 10.3390/s22145094.
In recent years, different types of monitoring systems have been designed for various applications, in order to turn the urban environments into smart cities. Most of these systems consist of wireless sensor networks (WSN)s, and the designing of these systems has faced many problems. The first and most important problem is sensor node deployment. The main function of WSNs is to gather the required information, process it, and send it to remote places. A large number of sensor nodes were deployed in the monitored area, so finding the best deployment algorithm that achieves maximum coverage and connectivity with the minimum number of sensor nodes is the significant point of the research. This paper provides a systematic mapping study that includes the latest recent studies, which are focused on solving the deployment problem using optimization algorithms, especially heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms in the period (2015-2022). It was found that 35% of these studies updated the swarm optimization algorithms to solve the deployment problem. This paper will be helpful for the practitioners and researchers, in order to work out new algorithms and seek objectives for the sensor deployment. A comparison table is provided, and the basic concepts of a smart city and WSNs are presented. Finally, an overview of the challenges and open issues are illustrated.
近年来，为了将城市环境转变为智慧城市，已针对各种应用设计了不同类型的监测系统。这些系统大多由无线传感器网络（WSN）组成，并且这些系统的设计面临着许多问题。首要且最重要的问题是传感器节点部署。无线传感器网络的主要功能是收集所需信息、进行处理并将其发送到远程地点。在监测区域部署了大量传感器节点，因此找到能以最少数量的传感器节点实现最大覆盖范围和连通性的最佳部署算法是研究的重点。本文提供了一项系统映射研究，其中包括最近的最新研究，这些研究聚焦于在2015年至2022年期间使用优化算法，特别是启发式和元启发式算法来解决部署问题。研究发现，这些研究中有35%更新了群体优化算法以解决部署问题。本文将有助于从业者和研究人员制定新算法并为传感器部署寻求目标。提供了一个比较表，并介绍了智慧城市和无线传感器网络的基本概念。最后，阐述了挑战和开放问题的概述。
