Alablani Ibtihal, Alenazi Mohammed
Department of Computer Engineering, CCIS, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Information Technology, Technical College, Technical and Vocational Training Corporation, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Dec 15;20(24):7191. doi: 10.3390/s20247191.
A smart city is a geographical area that uses modern technologies to facilitate the lives of its residents. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important components of smart cities. Deploying IoT sensors in WSNs is a challenging aspect of network design. Sensor deployment is performed to achieve objectives like increasing coverage, strengthening connectivity, improving robustness, or increasing the lifetime of a given WSN. Therefore, a sensor deployment method must be carefully designed to achieve such objective functions without exceeding the available budget. This study introduces a novel deployment algorithm, called the Evaluated Delaunay Triangulation-based Deployment for Smart Cities (EDTD-SC), which targets not only sensor distribution, but also sink placement. Our algorithm utilizes Delaunay triangulation and -means clustering to find optimal locations to improve coverage while maintaining connectivity and robustness with obstacles existence in sensing area. The EDTD-SC has been applied to real-world areas and cities, such as Midtown Manhattan in New York in the United States of America. The results show that the EDTD-SC outperforms random and regular deployments in terms of area coverage and end-to-end-delay by 29.6% and 29.7%, respectively. Further, it exhibits significant performance in terms of resilience to attacks.
智慧城市是一个利用现代技术便利居民生活的地理区域。无线传感器网络（WSN）是智慧城市的重要组成部分。在无线传感器网络中部署物联网传感器是网络设计中一个具有挑战性的方面。进行传感器部署是为了实现诸如扩大覆盖范围、增强连通性、提高鲁棒性或延长给定无线传感器网络的使用寿命等目标。因此，必须精心设计一种传感器部署方法，以在不超出可用预算的情况下实现这些目标函数。本研究介绍了一种新颖的部署算法，称为基于评估德劳内三角剖分的智慧城市部署算法（EDTD-SC），该算法不仅针对传感器分布，还针对汇聚节点放置。我们的算法利用德劳内三角剖分和K均值聚类来找到最佳位置，以在存在传感区域障碍物的情况下提高覆盖范围，同时保持连通性和鲁棒性。EDTD-SC已应用于实际区域和城市，如美国纽约的曼哈顿中城。结果表明，EDTD-SC在区域覆盖和端到端延迟方面分别比随机部署和规则部署性能优29.6%和29.7%。此外，它在抗攻击能力方面表现出显著性能。
