Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopy Evolution in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Iraq.

Lung cancer is considered the most commonly diagnosed cancer that kills over 1.76 million people yearly around the world. This study aimed to investigate how electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) worked together. In the current study, a total of 50 tissue blocks were used which were embedded in paraffin wax from 20 healthy controls and 30 lung cancer patients (19 males and 11 females) to conduct a histopathological examination, which included hematoxylin and eosin stain, IHC detection regarding the protein expression in P53, and EM for lung cancer diagnosis. The findings indicated that the mean age of the patients was 51.84±15.70 years, and there was no correlation between the age of patients and the disease stage. P53 expression was measured using an immunohistochemical technique, while the positive rate showed a highly significant difference between healthy controls and patients (P≤0.05). The association of P53 expression with age and gender was not significant, although it showed a significant correlation with stage and grade. Furthermore, a correlation was found between P53 IHC and EM (≤0.05). In conclusion, the detection of an immunohistochemical method of lung cancer patients has been (gold standard) useful in detecting the subsets of patients in addition to a good method of EM in the diagnosis of lung cancer patients.