Esteban James Philip G, Asgharpour Amon
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jul 25;7:24. doi: 10.21037/tgh.2020.03.04. eCollection 2022.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is anticipated to become the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States in the near future. LT is indicated in patients with NASH-related cirrhosis who have medically refractory hepatic decompensation, synthetic dysfunction, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting certain criteria. The objective of LT evaluation is to determine which patient will derive the most benefit from LT with the least risk, thus maximizing the societal benefits of a limited resource. LT evaluation is a multidisciplinary undertaking involving several specialists, assessment tools, and diagnostic testing. Although the steps involved in LT evaluation are relatively similar across different liver diseases, patients with NASH-related cirrhosis have unique demographic and clinical features that affect transplant outcomes and influence their LT evaluation. LT candidates with NASH should be assessed for metabolic syndrome and obesity, malnutrition and sarcopenia, frailty, and cardiovascular disease. Interventions that treat cardiometabolic co-morbidities and improve patients' nutrition and functionality should be considered in order to improve patient outcomes in the waitlist and after LT.
非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)预计在不久的将来会成为美国肝移植(LT)的主要适应证。对于患有NASH相关肝硬化且存在药物治疗无效的肝失代偿、合成功能障碍以及符合某些标准的肝细胞癌(HCC)的患者,可考虑进行肝移植。肝移植评估的目的是确定哪名患者能从肝移植中获益最大且风险最小,从而使有限资源的社会效益最大化。肝移植评估是一项多学科工作,涉及多名专家、评估工具和诊断检测。尽管不同肝脏疾病的肝移植评估步骤相对相似,但NASH相关肝硬化患者具有独特的人口统计学和临床特征,这些特征会影响移植结果并对其肝移植评估产生影响。患有NASH的肝移植候选人应接受代谢综合征和肥胖、营养不良和肌肉减少症、虚弱以及心血管疾病的评估。为了改善等待名单上以及肝移植后的患者结局,应考虑采取治疗心脏代谢合并症并改善患者营养和功能的干预措施。